A Feminist Reading of Pauls Case Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women Cri

A Feminist Reading of Pauls Case At first glance, it may be considered difficult to give a feminist interpretation of Pauls Case by Willa Cather, because there is not much mention of women in the text. However, this fact alone gives good reason for a feminist reading material of the story. The lack of the presence of females in this story supports the idea that women were not considered an important part of society during Willa Cathers lifetime. In Pauls Case, the story revolves around a young male. He is the main character. There be very few mentions of women, however, when they do come into the story they are only mentioned briefly, or they play minor, secondary characters. Pauls mother and sisters are spoken about once during the entire story, while there are four references to his father. The females in his family are mentioned only in passing and remain flatbed characters, while his father is referred to several times, each time involving an action or comment which exhibit s an aspect of his fathers personality which makes him a more rounded character. Other references to women in this story involve stereotypical characterizations of them. In Pauls Case, women are often made out to be weak, in contrast to the references to men who worked and performed physical labor. Two instances in the story effectively demonstrate this stereotypical weakness. First, one of Pauls teachers commented, I happen to know that he was born in Colorado, only a few months in the beginning his mother died out there of a long illness. This remark makes Pauls mother fragile and sickly since she is a weak woman, she is overtaken and killed by her illness. Another example of this stomp is when Paul includes his sister in his lies, hi... ...t the Venus of Milo as he passed her on the stairway. Paul may have had probable cause to dislike his teacher, however, the statue had do nothing to provoke him aside from being female. The distasteful gesture he made towards the statue embo dies his attitude towards the entire female gender. Pauls Case is clearly product of the influences of a patriarchal society. Women are not allowed a prominent role in any part of the story, which is evidence of the influential patriarchal societys oppression of women. When women are in reality mentioned in the story, it is in a stereotypical and/or demeaning manner. Although the gender of the narrator is not discernible, this story was written by a woman whos views were firmly effected by the opinions of the society in which she lived, which is apparent through the actions, views, and attitudes of her characters.

Globalization and Policy Concertation Essay -- Global Economics Global

IntroductionMy argument in this paper is that globalization is not leading to a decay in the incidence ofpolicy concertation in Western Europe between governments, employers and trade unions,contrary to much accepted wisdom, and that this persistence of policy concertation can be bestunderstood in terms of a configurational model of policy concertation in which the mainvariables are perceived problems, the degree of agreement on economic policy among therelevant political actors, and the perceived implementation capacity of these actors.I take my definition of globalisation from that devised by David Held and his colleaguesA process (or castigate of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatialorganisation of social relations and transactions assessed in terms of theirextensity, intensity, velocity and impact generating transcontinental orinterregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and the exercise of power(Held et al 1999 16).I focus in particular on e conomic globalisation, namely the increase in worldwide trade, theglobalisation of pecuniary markets and capital movements, and the multinationalisation ofproduction.By policy concertation is meant the making of public policy by means of national-level, intersectoralnegotiations leading to agreements as opposed to non-binding discussions - betweengovernment representatives and representatives of peak employer and/or trade unionconfederations about the formation of government policies. This phenomenon is sometimesreferred to as corporatism, but the term policy concertation is preferred for the sake of claritybecause the term corporatism is overly used to describe other types of phenomena Schmitterso... ...Traxler, Franz (1995a), Farewell to Labour Market Associations? Organized VersusDisorganized Decentralization as a Map for Industrial transaction, pp.3-19 in Colin Crouch andFranz Traxler (eds.), Organized Industrial Relations in Europe What Future? AldershotAvebury.Traxler, Fr anz (1997), The Logic of Social Pacts, in Social Pacts in Europe, ed. GiuseppeFajertag and Philippe Pochet. Brussels ETUI.Treu, Tiziano (1992). three-party Social Policy-Making An Overview, pp.1-25 in Tiziano Treu(ed.), Participation in Public Policy-Making The Role of Trade Unions and EmployersAssociations. Berlin and New York Walter de Gruyter.Wallerstein, Michael, Miriam Golden and Peter Lange (1997), Unions, EmployersAssociations, and Wage-Setting Institutions in Northern and rudimentary Europe, 1950-1992,Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50(3) 379-401.

Male and Female Issues Essay -- essays papers

Male and Female IssuesThere have been so many controversial issues involving sex equity. Boys have been seen in excelling in trus twainrthy egress areas, whereas girls excel in others. Most believe that two certain subjects, math and science, boys perform better in. unrivalled report that was held in 1992 by the American Association of University Women came to the conclusion that girls were encouraged to pursue traditional female studies instead of mathematics, science and traditionally male subject areas (Unger 10.) Although many of these girls are probably very gifted in these certain subject areas, women are being pushed towards certain careers that are not to their interests and desires (Delisle 1998.) One cleaning ladyhood who tried to change this was Emma Hart Willard. Ms. Hart opened Troy Female Seminary in 1821, which specialized in teaching females math and science. Before this school, females were limited to certain subject areas including French, sewing dance, a rt, and English. It was also stated that females tend to have a higher self-esteem if they have a positive feeling of their abilities in those two subject areas, math and science (Hanmer 1996.) On the other hand, girls are said to surpass boys in recitation and writing. Gambell and Hunter state, females outperform males in all areas of reading and writing at the elementary, middle and secondary levels (4.) Today, there is a smaller gap between boys and girls in science and math. Females are taking a unsubtle variety of courses including the courses that are seen as intimidating to them. Females are becoming doctors and scientists at a greater rate than before. Although there are more and more woman found in male dominated fields, there still is a smaller percentage of fem... ...re is still a bias towards females, and their abilities compared to boys. This is discussed in this article. Basow, S. (1986). Gender stereotypes traditions and alternatives. atomic number 20 Brooks /Cole Publishing Company.This intensity discusses both issues in the past and issues today dealing with boys and girls in the classroom. Hanmer, T. J. (1996). The gender gap in schools girls losing out. U.K. Enslow Publishers.This book supports the sentiment that girls are still seen as inferior to boys in certain subjects and there is a bias, although sometimes unknown, against girls. Unger, H. G. (1999). School choice how to select the best schools for your children. New York Checkmark Books.This book gives advise to parents as to what is the best school for their children. It also deals with girls and boys in a private setting, saying they can learn easier.

Oedipus the King :: Classics

Oedipus the KingOedipus the King EssayOedipus Rex lived his life knowing the fate to which he was destined.He tried at all be to avoid Apollos prophecies however, this onlyled him to a state of tragedy and despair. This outcome made itjustifiable for the educated reader to label him as a sad virtuoso.Oedipus obvious identification made it all the more difficult toinvestigate the question as to whether there could be more than onetragic hero per novel. The supporting characters of Jocasta andLaius were possibilities, and in the following paragraphs, theirlikeness to a figure of tragedy will be expressed.The character of Laius had already died the moment the play began,however, because his presence vie such a significant role in thenovel, the reader was still able to determine a great deal about him.The biological breed of Oedipus had been the reigning king and helived in riches with his wife Jocasta in wealth and riches. This stateof prosperity eventually was transformed into a p athetic send external when hewas killed in the street by his own son. This fulfills the firstproperty of a tragic hero. Laius also experiences pain that had beenpartially self-inflicted. He sent his son, Oedipus, away to be killedat an early age, and in the end, it was this discarded son that killedhim. Laius then must have realized that this pain was the result ofallowing others to do his dirty work. If he had had the courage tokill the infant himself, then the misfortune of dying at the hand ofhis son would have been avoided. Not wanting to sway from thestereotypical traits of a king, Laius exhibited a pride that waslargely displayed in the situation that had him killed. Instead ofleaving the road for Oedipus to pass, he insisted on maintaining hisstature and he tried to push Oedipus shoot the road (p.56). This ismore specifically defined as hubris, and is another essentialcharacteristic of a tragic figure. Similar to the unyielding pride ofa king, is the port of ones mind at the expense of his ownbody. Again, the crossroads situation can be used, as can the generalnature of a typical king, a personality from which Laius did not sway.The preceding two points illustrate the main flaw of Laius, King ofThebes. It has many times been proven that pride can be onesdownfall, and the innovation of this trait in Laius personality, andthe fact that it was this that killed him, prove that he experienced

War Strategies of Sir Arthur Currie :: essays research papers

War Strategies of Sir Arthur CurrieSir Arthur Currie was not a man raised to become a great general, he had to start from the beginning and educate his way to the top. He served his country by fighting and leading battles that made Canada a great independent nation, making him a figure of inspiration to galore(postnominal) Canadians. In the numerous battles of World War One, including Amiens, Passchendaele, Vimy Ridge, and others, Arthur Currie devised well prepared, flexible, unique, and intelligent war strategies that led Canadian troops to victory.Born on December 5th, 1875 in Napperton, Ontario, Arthur William Currie launch his place in the world. Having been the third of seven children, Currie build his family to be very supportive of each other (Dancocks, 1985). At the age of 15, Curries father died of a stroke, leaving the family in financial problems. University was not the path to go down at this point for Currie, in hopes of becoming a lawyer. Instead, he took a dida ctics course (Harris, 1988).Later on in his developing career, Currie met with a woman named Lucy Charworth-Musters, who would one day be his wife. With a paying job as a teacher, he decided to enlist in the militia as a lowly gunner in the 5th Regiment at the Canadian post Artillery. In 1901, Currie married Lucy and found a better-paying job at an insurance firm at Matson and Coles (Dancocks, 1985). With great devotion to his wife and two children, the militia was be quiet one of Curries priorities and he became a commander of the 5th Regiment of Artillery, winning the Governor-Generals Cup for efficiency (Hyatt, 1987). On the 4th of August in 1914, the British ultimatum to Germany expired and Canada was now automatically at war (Hyatt, 1987).With careful planning, co-operation, good leadership and courage, Currie managed to bring come forward the characteristics of a well thought come on success at Vimy Ridge in April of 1917 (Dancocks, 1985). Sir Arthur Curries responsibility was to command the 1st Canadian Division (Hyatt, 1987). He pushed his troops to undergo rigorous cultivation and to prepare themselves by using a life-size course, with every trench marked by tape and a flag (Dancocks, 1985). Currie designed very high-fidelity maps and he had a small-scale plasticine model built so that it could be studied by all soldiers. Arthur Currie insisted that his divisions knowledge of the enemy was handsome (Dancocks, 1985).War Strategies of Sir Arthur Currie essays research papers War Strategies of Sir Arthur CurrieSir Arthur Currie was not a man raised to become a great general, he had to start from the beginning and written report his way to the top. He served his country by fighting and leading battles that made Canada a great independent nation, making him a figure of inspiration to many Canadians. In the many battles of World War One, including Amiens, Passchendaele, Vimy Ridge, and others, Arthur Currie devised well prepared, flexible, unique , and intelligent war strategies that led Canadian troops to victory.Born on December 5th, 1875 in Napperton, Ontario, Arthur William Currie found his place in the world. Having been the third of seven children, Currie found his family to be very supportive of each other (Dancocks, 1985). At the age of 15, Curries father died of a stroke, leaving the family in financial problems. University was not the path to go down at this point for Currie, in hopes of becoming a lawyer. Instead, he took a educational activity course (Harris, 1988).Later on in his developing career, Currie met with a woman named Lucy Charworth-Musters, who would one day be his wife. With a paying job as a teacher, he decided to enlist in the militia as a lowly gunner in the 5th Regiment at the Canadian place Artillery. In 1901, Currie married Lucy and found a better-paying job at an insurance firm at Matson and Coles (Dancocks, 1985). With great devotion to his wife and two children, the militia was until now one of Curries priorities and he became a commander of the 5th Regiment of Artillery, winning the Governor-Generals Cup for efficiency (Hyatt, 1987). On the 4th of August in 1914, the British ultimatum to Germany expired and Canada was now automatically at war (Hyatt, 1987).With careful planning, co-operation, good leadership and courage, Currie managed to bring out the characteristics of a well thought out success at Vimy Ridge in April of 1917 (Dancocks, 1985). Sir Arthur Curries responsibility was to command the 1st Canadian Division (Hyatt, 1987). He pushed his troops to undergo rigorous discipline and to prepare themselves by using a life-size course, with every trench marked by tape and a flag (Dancocks, 1985). Currie designed very spotless maps and he had a small-scale plasticine model built so that it could be studied by all soldiers. Arthur Currie insisted that his divisions knowledge of the enemy was sharp (Dancocks, 1985).

War Strategies of Sir Arthur Currie :: essays research papers

War Strategies of Sir Arthur CurrieSir Arthur Currie was not a man raised to become a big(p) general, he had to start from the beginning and work his way to the top. He served his country by fighting and leading battles that made Canada a owing(p) independent nation, reservation him a figure of inspiration to many Canadians. In the many battles of World War One, including Amiens, Passchendaele, Vimy Ridge, and others, Arthur Currie devised well prepared, flexible, unique, and intelligent war strategies that led Canadian troops to victory.innate(p) on December fifth, 1875 in Napperton, Ontario, Arthur William Currie found his place in the world. Having been the third of seven children, Currie found his family to be very supportive of each other (Dancocks, 1985). At the age of 15, Curries father died of a stroke, leaving the family in financial problems. University was not the path to go down at this point for Currie, in hopes of befitting a lawyer. Instead, he took a teaching cou rse (Harris, 1988).Later on in his developing career, Currie met with a woman named Lucy Charworth-Musters, who would one day be his wife. With a paying job as a teacher, he decided to enlist in the militia as a lowly gunner in the fifth Regiment at the Canadian Garrison Artillery. In 1901, Currie married Lucy and found a better-paying job at an insurance firm at Matson and Coles (Dancocks, 1985). With great fealty to his wife and two children, the militia was still one of Curries priorities and he became a commander of the 5th Regiment of Artillery, winning the Governor-Generals Cup for talent (Hyatt, 1987). On the 4th of August in 1914, the British ultimatum to Germany expired and Canada was now automatically at war (Hyatt, 1987).With careful planning, co-operation, good leadership and courage, Currie managed to bring extinct the characteristics of a well thought show up success at Vimy Ridge in April of 1917 (Dancocks, 1985). Sir Arthur Curries responsibility was to command t he 1st Canadian Division (Hyatt, 1987). He pushed his troops to undergo rigorous training and to prepare themselves by using a life-size course, with every trench marked by tape and a flag (Dancocks, 1985). Currie designed very accurate maps and he had a small-scale plasticine model built so that it could be studied by all soldiers. Arthur Currie insisted that his naval segmentations knowledge of the enemy was excellent (Dancocks, 1985).War Strategies of Sir Arthur Currie essays research papers War Strategies of Sir Arthur CurrieSir Arthur Currie was not a man raised to become a great general, he had to start from the beginning and work his way to the top. He served his country by fighting and leading battles that made Canada a great independent nation, qualification him a figure of inspiration to many Canadians. In the many battles of World War One, including Amiens, Passchendaele, Vimy Ridge, and others, Arthur Currie devised well prepared, flexible, unique, and intelligent war strategies that led Canadian troops to victory. natural on December 5th, 1875 in Napperton, Ontario, Arthur William Currie found his place in the world. Having been the third of seven children, Currie found his family to be very supportive of each other (Dancocks, 1985). At the age of 15, Curries father died of a stroke, leaving the family in financial problems. University was not the path to go down at this point for Currie, in hopes of meet a lawyer. Instead, he took a teaching course (Harris, 1988).Later on in his developing career, Currie met with a woman named Lucy Charworth-Musters, who would one day be his wife. With a paying job as a teacher, he decided to enlist in the militia as a lowly gunner in the 5th Regiment at the Canadian Garrison Artillery. In 1901, Currie married Lucy and found a better-paying job at an insurance firm at Matson and Coles (Dancocks, 1985). With great veneration to his wife and two children, the militia was still one of Curries priorities and h e became a commander of the 5th Regiment of Artillery, winning the Governor-Generals Cup for dexterity (Hyatt, 1987). On the 4th of August in 1914, the British ultimatum to Germany expired and Canada was now automatically at war (Hyatt, 1987).With careful planning, co-operation, good leadership and courage, Currie managed to bring out the characteristics of a well thought out success at Vimy Ridge in April of 1917 (Dancocks, 1985). Sir Arthur Curries responsibility was to command the 1st Canadian Division (Hyatt, 1987). He pushed his troops to undergo rigorous training and to prepare themselves by using a life-size course, with every trench marked by tape and a flag (Dancocks, 1985). Currie designed very accurate maps and he had a small-scale plasticine model built so that it could be studied by all soldiers. Arthur Currie insisted that his divisions knowledge of the enemy was excellent (Dancocks, 1985).

Cell bio lab report Essay

PurposeDuring this experiment we compared the hemagglutinating activity reaction of control larn A solution at 2 mg/ml in defraud A buffer with the hemagglutinating activity reaction of your own purified Con A sample that you diluted previously at 2 mg/ml in Con A buffer. The purpose of this lab was to determine the strength of the reaction by performing serial dilutions on both the Con A sample and the control Con A sample, and determine through observations whether or non addition of galactose or mannose will inhibit this reaction. I hypothesize that the Con A + galactose solutions will demand fond(p) agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions will have all no agglutination.ResultsRows A and B had half agglutination and half no agglutination, while row C had all no agglutination. Row D had half agglutination and half partial agglutination, while row E had 4 columns with agglutination and 8 columns with no agglutination. Row F had complete a gglutination throughout. Con A reaction plate (Row/Column)ReactionA1-A6 (Control)agglutinating activity/inhibitedA7-A12 (Control)No Agglutination/not inhibitedB1-B6 (Con A + galactose)Agglutination/inhibitedB7-B12 (Con A + galactose)No Agglutination/not inhibitedC1-C12 (Con A + mannose)No Agglutination/not inhibitedD1-D5 (Sample)Agglutination/inhibitedD6-D12 (Sample)Partial agglutination/inhibitedE1-E4 (Con A + galactose)Agglutination/inhibitedE5-E12 (Con A + galactose)No Agglutination/not inhibitedF1-F12 (Con A + mannose)No agglutination/not inhibitedG1-G12 ((-)Control)Partial agglutination/inhibitedH1-H12 (RBCs)Partial agglutination/inhibitedDiscussionMy hypothesis was proven correct, the Con A + galactose solutions did have partial agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions did have all no agglutination. This means that in the Con A + galactose solutions the ones that had agglutination the red cells aggregated with the lectin and sediment in the form of a uniform layer that covered the whole bottom of the well including the slopes, and in the Con A + mannose solutions the ones that failed to have agglutination take place covered only part of the bottom. We found through this experiment that the control Con A sample and the Con A sample had very similar strengths of reaction.ConclusionIn this experiment through serial dilutions on a 96 well plate we immovable the strength of the each reaction on both the Con A sample and the control sample. We found through our experiment that the addition of galactose or mannose will partially inhibit or inhibit the reaction between our Con A sample and control Con A sample.

Martha McCaskey

Introduction Martha Mackey had arrived at an Impasse In her cargoner requiring her to expect a get a lineing which put her Integrity and possible career overture In opposition. Mackeys choice came down to how she handled Phil Devon, an ex- employee with knowledge of proprietary information Mackey needed for a client. Obtaining the information through Devon would earn Mackey a significant promotion and lucre increase. However, doing so under the false pretenses she had constructed chall(a)enged her ethics, Jeopardized her Integrity, and was potentially illegal.On the other hand, failure to obtain the Information would derail Mackeys career and undermine her efforts toward advancement. Diagnosis Mackey was a highly happy individual, as made evident by her success in her undergraduate and graduate career. Her decision to return to school in pursuit of her MBA demonstrates her high emulation and level of coronation in her career. In the eighteen months that Mackey had been with Sellers Associates Industry Analysis Dillon (AID) she had proven her ability as a consultant on multiple projects. Her exploit had garnered the attention of key leadership personnel,Tom Malone and TTY Richardson, and raised the bar for expectations at AID. Mackey accomplished this through hard work and long hours, refusing to take the easy way out, and maintaining a high moral standard despite knowing that high morals were not necessarily upheld by all of her coworkers in the Division. Knowing Mackeys dedication and investment In her career It Is easy to understand why the decision around how to handle the Silicon 6 situation was so troubling. The future of Mackeys career with AD would be heavily Influenced by her decision and the success or failure of the project.This was especially true considering the importance of the projects client, a semiconductor manufacturer who supplied twenty percent of Dads tune. The outcome of the Silicon 6 project was of great consequence to Dads le adership and the Division as a whole success promised continued and Increased business from their primary client failure would result In the loss of the client and one fifth of the Dads business. Mackey faced several challenges exerting pressures on her decision, one of which was time. A coming upon had been arranged with the senior management on theSilicon 6 project which completely gave Mackey a month to obtain the necessary information and complete the project. Adding to the challenge was the natural culture within the industry of accepting unethical behaviors which, to Mackey and others In the innovative guard, was becoming more apparent. In the past Mackey had felt pressure from Malone and Richardson to engage In the standard unethical practices of the industry, particularly following one project Malone and Richardson felt, could do been completed with less time and effort (p. ). Malone was the one to bring up Mackeys possibly root word of information, referring to Devon, in conversations with the client for Silicon 6 moreover, Malone was the one to suggest a resultingness to use the source. Mackey also needs to consider the Impact her decision and the continuation misalignment real between Sellers and AD as a function of the distance and independence of AD and its leaders from headquarters. Mackey is aware that corporate policies are not clearly communicated and be at the Division.The publicity that would result from legal action against the unethical practices within AD would surely impact Sellers as a whole, with consequential impacts reaching healthy beyond Just the small group at the Division. Leaders at Sellers could turn out to be allies for Mackey in addressing this challenge as they are invested in what is best for the entire company, not Just AD. Another challenge contributing to the problem is the ambiguity surrounding Phil Devotes motivations, intentions, and awareness of the situation. Mackey does not know where Devon stands or how he will react to various situations.Mackey is unsure whether Devon is a disgruntled former employee seeking vengeance against his former employer and is, therefore, willing to share proprietary information, or if the information she is seeking is still proprietary to begin with. There is also a possibility that Devon could alert leadership at the competing company or even the authorities if he discovers Mackeys true identity and intentions. To this point Mackeys decisions and actions have been merely to avoid engaging in behaviors she deemed too unethical earlier than to address the behaviors further and practiced within the AD.This has forced her into a corner here she has few options to address the issue without compromising the success of a major project and Jeopardizing her career. Furthermore, her decision to enter into discussions with Devon under the false pretenses she created constrains her to maintaining the lie or risk damaging relations with Devon by revealing her tru e identity and motivations. The result of the relationship with Devon has umpteen potential consequences which are unpredictable given how little is known about Devotes interests.Action Plan The objective of the approach to addressing the problem at hand is to prevent rather encroachment beyond Mackeys ethical comfort level while doing as little damage as possible to her career prospects. Mackey first needs to confront Malone and Richardson with her concerns regarding the ethical nature and legal ramifications of paying Devon for potentially proprietary information. In all likelihood Malone and Richardson will dismiss her concerns because it is simply business as public for the AD.At that point simply handing the project off to Kaufmann would not address the ethical dilemma it would merely be a means of problem avoidance for Mackey, which is all she has done to this point. Her next step would be to contact the top leadership at Sellers to confirm corporate policies regarding the p rocurement of proprietary information. Mackey will likely find that company policy prohibits payoffs to obtain proprietary information belonging to other companies in order to protect the greater interests of Sellers.Assuming that this is the case, to protect her integrity, and that of Sellers, Mackey will have to better the truth about her identity and motivations to Devon. Subsequently, Mackey will be able to find out whether the information Devon has is proprietary, assuming Devon is still willing to operate. Her actions from that point should be control by Sellers company policy the information she obtains should be strictly non-proprietary. Regardless of long term she will still need to address the unethical behaviors that circularise the AD.Her choice then becomes to alert leadership at Sellers of the unethical behaviors of Richardson, Malone, Kaufmann, and others throughout AD, or leave Sellers. Either course risks the career Mackey has created for herself however, it is n ecessary if Mackey hopes to maintain her integrity. plausibly her best option is to notify Sclerosis dervish team of the conditions at AD. In doing so Mackey will help protect Sellers and all employees working in the other branches of the company. It also may reveal other opportunities for Mackey in Sellers and the AD.Failure of this approach would simply leave her where she would have otherwise been, with her integrity intact looking for a new Job as a consultant with AD on her resume. Overall Learning From this case I learned that not all decisions are as simple as remunerate versus wrong, some of the most difficult decisions will be between right and right. It is also often hose right versus right decisions that force us to reflect on our own values and what is most important to ourselves. Right versus right decisions create opportunities for explicitly be our values.In Mackeys case it would have been better for her to address the ethical dilemmas she encountered earlier in he r career so that she would have been able to operate without a major deadline looming and pressure from the client and her managers. Furthermore, Mackey experient discomfort while facing her right versus right decision which called into question her deeply ingrained values. This is directly in line with Abductors theory surrounding defining moments for individuals. It is these feelings and intuitions which translate core values in a time of conflict.The prevailing values, according to Obduracy, will be those that are the most deeply rooted in ones life. Obduracy reasons that, a combination of expediency and shrewdness, coupled with imagination and boldness, will help one implement his personal understanding of what is right. I would argue that his is not only true, but that, a combination of expediency and shrewdness, coupled with imagination and boldness, ill help, preserve the most of ones values when confronted by such a situation.I feel that, in a right versus right defining m oment, it is not necessary to abandon one set of values in favor of another assuming an clever approach is taken to address the situation. Creativity will allow someone to get the most out of a situation. After analyzing this case and the associated material I mostly feel compelled to be more conscious of right versus right cases that may be developing. I also feel that when faced with these types of decisions I will need to be more aware of the message my actions send to those around me.

Chilean Mine Collapse

Chilean mine collapse George Montenegro BCOM/275 March 24, 2013 Allen Sutton Resource Over 30 Workers Trapped After Chilean pig bed Mine Collapse article found in the Electronic Reserve Readings. Research additional articles and information about the Chilean mine collapse. There ar two parts to the assignment, as detailed below. go away 1 Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper using this and other articles as a resource. Because communications essential be designed with the audience in mind, answer the following questions in your paper What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience? o What would be the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident? o What would be the potential needs of the partys employees when receiving a message about this incident? ? What actions must you take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended? Part 2 Draft two written commu nications from the mining company announcing the accident, using what you have learned about the audience and effective messages.One communication should be directed to the families of the trapped miners and the other as an internal news release to employees in the company. For both, identify the most appropriate channelface-to-face, e-mail, video, memo, and so on. Submit nonpareil consolidated MS Word paper encompassing Part 1 and Part 2 of the assignment. Clearly identify Part 1, and Part 2, in the consolidated document. Format the document consistent with APA guidelines. Post the assignment to Assignments link

Plan on Sexual Selection Essay

In evolutionary terms natural selection is the process by which certain characteristics and demeanours get passed on in the gene pool because they do the individual a better chance of surviving and reproducing. Sexual selection is the process within natural selection where by any characteristic or behaviour that increases the reproductive success of an individual are selected and these characteristics may get exaggerated over evolutionary time.Because of the differences in parental investment between males and females, evolutionary psychologists point this has created gender specific reproductive behaviour that is in terms of mating preferences and strategies, and in terms of mating systems (to remain monogamous or is well-situatedness best? ) Because females get hold of to invest a lot of time in having and bringing up offspring, and because the number of offspring they can have in a life time is limited, Darwin suggests this has pull up stakes to females being choosy most who they conjoin and settle down with.Females entrust be looking for good genetic qualities in a male and qualities that indicate that he could provide for her and their offspring. This in turn has created competition between males. They have to convince females they would be the best to mate with. Males will also be concerned with looking for females with qualities that suggest fertility (youth and good health synonymous with physical attractiveness. Sexual selection may also lead to differences in mating systems.A female may be best in a monogamous relationship which will ensure the male remain and provides for the family. However for a male a polygamy may be better where he mates with as many females as possible thus ensuring amount of money in offspring increasing the likelihood of some of them surviving. Cross ethnic studies provide good evidence for evolutionary surmise because if we see the same behaviour across culture we can deduce that this behaviour may be a resul t of genes (evolution) rather than socialisation.Buss, 1989 studied 37 cultures and lay down that females valued qualities that suggested the fiscal potential of males for example ambition and industriousness. On the other hand men valued physical attractiveness and women who were younger than them more than women did. This suggests that they were looking for qualities associated with fertility in line with evolutionary predictions.This was a large scale study with over 10,000 participants which gives it credibility, only it is possible that participants gave the socially desirable answer in terms of what they were looking for in a partner. Other studies have supported Buss. For example Waynforth and Dunbar (1995) analysed the content of lonely hearts columns and found that 43% of males sought a youthful mate compared to 25% of females (the younger the female the more fertile).They also found that 44% of males sought a physically attractive partner compared to 22% of females. Fin ally they found that women advertise their physical attractiveness and men advertise their resources. The advantage of this study is that the people writing the adverts would not have been influenced by any investigator effects, however this is a biased sample as only a small proportion of the populations would seek to find partners in this way.There is much evidence to suggest that males are more likely to engage in casual sex and engage in polygamous relationships (thus spreading their genes around). For example Clark and Hatfield (1989 and 1990) found that when propositioned by a total stranger 50% of both men and women agreed to go out on a date with the stranger, however none of the females agreed to have sex with a stranger whereas a staggering 75% of males agreed. The study was carried out on a university campus and the participants were students so are hardly representative of the familiar population.The ethics of this study were also questionable as it involved deception a nd lack of informed consent and could also have affected the psychological good being of the participants in terms of later guilty feelings. Comparative studies of testicle size in primates by Baker and Bellis, 1995, also suggest that valet may have evolved under a polygamous mating system. Males have medium sized testicles relative to body size compared to chimpanzees. Chimps live in a promiscuous mating system thus females mate with many males so the male chimp has to have large testes to produce lots of sperm in order to compete.Gorillas are monogamous and have relatively small testes. The medium sized human testes suggest that the norm for our human ancestors was to be mildly militant so females may have had multiple partners. It could be argued that a womans best strategy may be to be mildly promiscuous and mate with the man with the best genes but remain with the man who can care and provide. This is supported by Baker and Bellis, 1995, who suggested the world wide rate for misattributed authorship was 9%.Although the studies above lend support to evolutionary theory we must be careful in assuming that human mate choice is incisively a product of our evolutionary past. Our choices will also be affected by our upbringing , religion and our culture and these may change from generation to generation. somewhat of the findings of studies can also be explained in terms of culture and society. For example in the past women have had to rely on men to provide for them addicted the inequality in earning power etc. In todays modern times we may see changes in what women are looking for in a mate.Bereczkei et al (1997) found that females now advertised for men who are family-orientated suggesting they are less concerned about resources. In this way evolutionary theory can be accused of being reductionist in trying to explain reproductive behaviour in terms of gene survival and ignoring social, cultural and moral influences on our reproductive behaviour. Evolut ionary theory is also highly deterministic, which is dangerous as we forget that humans have the ability to think about their actions.Biologist Richard Dawkins believes we can override biology with freewill. For example evolutionary theory predicted that men who cannot attract a mate would resort to rape. While this does happen, the majority of angiotensin converting enzyme men would not entertain this idea. Finally much of the evidence for evolutionary theory is based on presumed knowledge about past human environments principal to speculations about which behaviours may have been adaptive. As such evolutionary theory is very difficult to test experimentally.

Police Officer Essay

It is always quite frustrating whenever things dont go as you had planned it. You plan things thoroughly expecting those things to happen exactly how you want them to be, but still certain unexpected occurrences keep coming up ruin everything you had planned. It might be a little bit more comforting if you know that it was your own fault that caused your plans to not go as you had wanted it. However, when it is something you in all did not expect something completely out of your control something which was not your fault at all that is the annoying part.What is more irritating is that you end up having no choice but to live with what has already happened and ending up fixing the damages or compromising yourself to the damages that that unexpected occurrence has done to your plans. In my case for example, Ive always wanted to be a police. Ever since high school, Ive dreamt of getting into the police academy. My family may have influenced this dream of exploit as I was growing up. M ost of my family members worked in the police department. It was my father and my eldest brother who were the first to be a part of the police.Currently, there atomic number 18 four people in the family who are working in the police. My brother before me, the one who I m closest to, is currently training at the police academy. My initial plan was to get into the academy as soon as I finish my schooling from back home. Things changed when I got into an accident polish summer and injured my plane. With this injury, I could no longer get into the academy I was deeply disappointed. My plans for my future had been ruined however, hope was not completely woolly-headed for me. My eldest brother found a way of getting into the police department by analyze finance and accounting.The academy doesnt only take physically strong people they also need people with brains who specialize in certain fields. My plans have now changed I am now studying for a degree in business. I will finish that and then find a way of getting into the police academy with the help of that degree. Things do not always go the way we want it to be. Expect to always have unexpected things coming up. The best thing we could do when something unexpected comes up is to not give up even if tit ruins out original plan. Think of other ways, other alternatives, of coping up with that unexpected change so as to get back on track with our original plan.

One God Essay

Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) said If you love me keep my commandments and I entrust pray to the Father, and he shall send you another comforter, that he may abide with you forever (John 1415, 16)It should be noted that some English bibles have the Greek word Paraclete instead of Comforter but in Greek the word actually spells as PERIQLYTOS.Rev. David Benjamin Kaldani, B.D. Bishop of Urumiah Persia, the Greek classical scholar and word of honor means who converted to Islam, in his book Muhammed in the Bible has discussed the original Greek word, the actual word which Jesus (pbuh) might have used in his native tongue, Aramic (Dialect of Hebrew) regarding the word Comforter.Dr. Kaldani writes It is to be noted once more that the Greek Text has Periqlytos instead of Paraclete. So, if we want to find out the real sense of the word, we must correct the text and supply the corrupted words thus I shall go to the Father, and he shall send you another Apostle whose name shall be Peri qyltos, that he may he remain with you forever.One need not be a Greek scholar to know that the Greek word for Comforter is not Periqlytos but Paracloon. Periqlytos, chronologically and literally, means the nearly illustrious, renowned, and praise-worthy. I take for my authority Alexandres Dictionarie Grec-Francais This compound noun is composed of the prefix Peri and Kleotis the latter derived from to glorify to praise. Thus Periqlytos means precisely what Ahmed means in Arabic namely the most illustrious and gloriousThe only difficulty to be solved is to discover the original Semitic name used by Jesus Christ all in Hebrew or Aramaic. If I am not mistaken, the Aramaic form must have been MHAMDA or HAMIDA to correspond with the Arabic name MUHAMMED or AHMAD and the Greek PERIQLYTOS.It is marvellous that this unique name, Periqlytos never before given to any other per password, was miraculously preserved for MUHAMMAD, the last prophet or Apostle of God. We never go in across any greek gentleman bearing the name of Periqlytos nor any Arab bearing the name MUHAMMAD or AHMAD before the advent of the Holy (God fearing) Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him).In Islam religion, Jesus (peace be upon him) is deald as one of the greatest prophets and one of the greatest messengers of God to human race. It is not believed in Islam that Jesus is God or son of God.In the Quran, there is a complete chapter (called Surah) titled Maryam (Mary) that confirms Maryam virgin birth. The Quran states the following on the birth of Jesus (peace be upon him)(Remember) when the angels said, O Mary, God gives you salutary news of a word from Him (God), whose name is the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, revered in this world and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near (to God). He will speak to the mass from his cradle and as a man, and he is of the righteous. She said, My Lord, how can I have a child when no mortal has touched me? He said, So (it will be). God creates what He wil ls. If He decrees a thing, He says to it only, Be and it is. (Quran, 345-47)Jesus was born as miracle by the word and command of God. This command is, as said in Quran, the same command that had brought Adam into being with neither a father nor a mother. God has said in QuranThe representative of Jesus with God is like the case of Adam. He created him from dust, and then He said to him, Be and he came into being. (Quran, 3/59)During the prophetic mission of Jesus (peace be upon him), Jesus performed many miracles. God tells us that Jesus saidI have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you the shape of a bird out of clay, I breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by Gods permission. I heal the blind from birth and the leper. And I forge the dead to life by Gods permission. And I tell you what you eat and what you store in your houses. (Quran, 3/49)Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified. They believe that the enemies of Jesus (peace upon him) plotted and planned t o crucify Jesus. However, God miraculously saved Jesus and raised him up to Him (to God). God, the all powerful and the all capable, put the semblance of Jesus (peace upon him) over another man. The enemies of Jesus (peace upon him) thought that the this other man is Jesus and they took him and crucified him. God has saidThey said, We extinguished the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, the messenger of God. They did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but the likeness of him was put on another man (and they killed that man) (Quran, 4/157)Quran says (meaning translation) Jesus said I am indeed a servant of ALLAH (God). He (God) has given me Revelation and made me prophet and He (God) has made me blessed wheresoever I be and has enjoined on me Prayer and Zakat (Charity) as long as I live. He (God) made me kind to my mother (Mary). Peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day I shall be that I shall be raised up to life again It is not befitting to the majesty of A llah (God) that he should beget a son. Glory be to him (God) when he determines a matter, He (God) only says to it Be and it is. Verily ALLAH (God) is my Lord and your Lord Him therefore serve ye this is a Way that is straight (Quran 19/30-36).Accordingly, in Islam religion, Jesus (peace upon him) is neither God nor son of God. He is human and God prophet.It is worthwhile to emphasize that both Jesus (peace upon him) and Mohamed, or may be spelled Muhammad (peace upon him), came to mankind to call for worshiping only and the only one God. Neither of them nor Moses came to change the basic doctrine of the belief in one and only God. this doctrine that was brought by precedent prophets from including Noah, Abraham, Isac, Jacob, David, Solomon, and others. Both Jesus (peace upon him) and Mohamed received the revelation from God to confirm and renew the doctrine of worshiping one (and only one) God.

Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Essay

Throughout most of U.S. floor, in most locations, what take to the woods has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group?Throughout most of U.S. history, in almost all locations the race which has been the majority is the white Ameri merchantmans which comprises Hispanic Americans. White Americans are the majority in 49 of the fifty states, with Hawaii as the exception. White Americans, trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europ, the Middle East, and north Africa. What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or nonable minority group?Some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history would be African Americans, Native Americans. Native Americans who were first to be in North America. In 1871 the Federal Government declared them American Indians and were forced to move to reservations. This is wh ere they were forced to adapt to Christianity instead of their own religion, schools that were done in English. African Americans were the other larger racial minorities. African Americans arrived with the first European explorers from Africa. Shortly after they arrived they became slaves due to their color in 1776. In 1865 Congress abolished slavery everywhere. In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? grant examples. These laws were intended against which racial minorities?Laws have been used to enforced discrimination by having consequences for your actions when discriminating against a person or any minority group. An example of this is when an employer does not want to hire a certain race or only wants to hire one certain type of race, but still hires you only because he/she has to have a certain percentage of that race. I believe that these laws were intended to end racism between different races, mainly with whites and blacks in the United States. The clos e why is because the history with both races. Whites have always over powered blacks and treated them unfair and now they placed the laws in place so that can not happen anymore and everyone can be treated equally. In what ways have laws been used to resist discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination?One example I could think about would be when putting down your race or gender on an application or some type of form. Now it gives you the option to do so or not to do so. What I had found hard about answering the race question is the fact that I am biracial and most of the time they only want you to extract one race or if you do pick just one and they see you then they question it. This law was intended to stop employers to discriminate against women and different kinds of race. However what they law did was make it a plosive consonant to have a percentage of a race or gender in that work force, so that may be the only reason of acquire hired on .

Buckland Review

Abstract Information Is a broad marches that encompasses a across-the-board variety of sources. In Information as Thing, backhand shot attempts to define Information by recess It down into culture-as-process, information-as-knowledge, and information-as-thing. As he went on into tangibility versus intangibility, I saw a mere glance of the complexity behind it all in all but what really got me thinking was the discussion of what is usually thought of to be informative.The field of information sciences restricts information to consist strictly of data, documents and text, when in reality, like Backhand said, aspirations and all the samets quite mayhap could provide more Information. Luckily, there atomic number 18 changes being make In order to see that artifacts and objects push aside be seen as documents. Another view operate introduced was the fact that anything could subscribe to the capacity to be informational, as bulky as someone wanted it to be. Furthermore, not a ll things seen as informative are going to be utilized.Backhand has opened my eyes to a new world where information is not hardly a term that is uncomplicated but is elaborate. An uncommon Approach Information is a broad but loaded term. With that said, it is dreadfully hard to pinpoint its exact meaning. Many uncommon but noteworthy viewpoints were discussed in Michael Backhands Information as Thing. This enlightening article presents a refreshing new twist on the way the leger information is defined. For me, personally, Information has always been a term that has been Incredibly simple and straightforward.It was something self explanatory?no further explanation required. Because Backhands perspective is so drastically different to what Im familiar with, I had to read this instal several times before I could even begin to empowered it. Before I could even grasp all the material covered in this article, I knew I was in for a grating ride. It quickly became clear to me that info rmation was exceedingly more complicated than I perceived It to be. As I was skimming through the article for the first time, I wondered what approach Backhand would take to define this term. Laming the sacred scripture Information to be am sorryuous, Backhand decided to break it down into three distinguishable parts information-as-process, information-as-knowledge, and information-as-thing. Moreover, he then separated them into tangible versus intangible, where information-as-process and information-as-knowledge are categorized as intangible, as opposed to Information-as-thing, which falls beneath the category of tangible. Since this was all still very(prenominal) foreign to me, my brain was feeling a little overwhelmed.I would have never have expected there to be so much gray area within information and information sciences. When I think of sources of information, the typical few immediately come to mind ?TV, books, and websites. As Backhand begins to introduce the various typ es of information, data, texts, and documents are among the first elements to be touched upon. While reading this, I was completely satisfied with those three resources. Topic. To my utter surprise, this was certainly not the case. Instead, my eyes settled on other italicized word that appeared at the break of the paragraph. Objects, the paper stated. I was puzzled by this label and questioned Backhands ideas but in brief came to the realization that he was spot on. Objects are decidedly a great source of information?some may even argue that they are more informative than ATA, texts, or documents?but are frequently overlooked in the world of information studies. As I mulled over the thought some more, a certain object make its way into my mind. My charm bracelet, something I wear everyday, undeniably allows others to peer into the career of Chelsea Chin. Each charm is highly symbolic and reveals a little snippet ab come forth me.In my opinion, if a public opinion poll was take n about types of information, Im sure the majority of stack would have responded with at least one, if not all, of the big three, but if they were given the time to actually think about it and then given n follow-up assignment, I am confident that most people would have a list with the word object nested somewhere in there. With regards to the way the field of information science has fixated their time on data, text, and documents while ignoring objects, it is definitely difficult to hear but pleasant to see Outlet and the documentation movement giving it more attention.As I think the section is starting to wrap up, I am shocked yet again as I come across another italicized word Events. Backhand brings up an excellent point when he refers to events as informative henchmen. There is no doubt that events are informative?they are Just harder to represent because they are fleeting. Backhand has come to the conclusion that we are unable to say confidently of anything that it could not be information (Backhand, 1991). The statement is valid but something Vive never really thought about. As we clop deeper into the article, it becomes apparent that there is really no solution to this problem.Take a desk for example. It is something that is often seen simply Just as a piece of furniture? nothing more, nothing less. If one really wanted to though, this desk could provide all sorts of information. It has the ability to imply that one was a student or held a job. Furthermore, the quality of the desk could also be something to look out for when examining the item if one is writing a review for the company that made it. From this example, it is booming to see that anything can be qualified as informational if placed into the correct situation, which is exactly the point Backhand is trying to get at.Sometimes people believe things are informational even when it is not assured hat people will utilize that thing. Just like the telephone book mentioned by Backhand, the term s of agreement is mass informational, but no one really takes the time to read through that novel. Information has always been very black and white to me. Reading this article, however, has allowed me to see information in a different light. Backhand made an exceptional attempt to define the word information by dividing it further into three separate sections.Comparing his definition to mine, it is easy to see that my view was elementary and extremely transparent while his was well thought out and intricate. His arguments have really provoked a considerable amount thought in me documents, data, and text are not the only resources that provide information. Objects and events are equally as informational, if not more so. Everything has to the Backhand made some really great points that have given me a newfound appreciation for the field of information studies. References Backhand, M. (1991). Information as Thing. Journal of the American Society for Information science, 42(5), 351-360 .

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endingocrinology disorder affecting 1520% of women in reproductive age worldwide (1). PCOS characterized by hyperandrogenism and high aim of insulin safeguard which leads to the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis, resulting in anovulation and menstrual deadening (2-6).PCOS is considered the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Around 90%95% of an-ovulatory women visiting infertility clinics have PCOS (7). The sure first-line infertility treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is Clomiphene Cit enjoin. However, it has drawbacks, including its over either poor efficacy (only a 22% rate of live birth with up to six cycles of clomiphene (8)), ovulation rate of only 46% (9) and an undesirable side- subject profile, including fancy changes and hot flushes.Failure either to ovulate (clomiphene resistance), or to conceive with ovulation (clomiphene failure) of ecstasy leads to the use of mor e pricey treatment options for infertility that associated with higher multiple maternal quality rates and an appendd risk of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (10). Insulin-sensitizing agents, such(prenominal) as metformin, have been used successfully to treat women with PCOS (11).However, metformin also has multiple undesirable GI side marrows such as nausea (61%), vomiting (30%), and diarrhea (65%). (12,13) Furthermore, many women who have PCOS ar not satisfied with pharmaceutical treatment. In a survey done on women with PCOS, 99% show their desire for effective treatment alternatives to fertility drugs, (14) and as many as 70% of women with PCOS use completing medicines (15-16).Herbal Medicine is still widely used from world population for approximately 75-80% this is because that herbal medicine is considered more culturally acceptable, less dangerous and more natural form of treatment (17). In Saudi-Arabian Arabia, approximately 80% of the population use herbal me dicine, and one of the main reasons is the ease of use of herbs that could be taken vivaly without painful procedure or invasive methods (18).Cinnamon, a commonly used spice, has perish a natural product of interest because it has been considered to have health benefits, such as lessen crinkle glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and decreasing insulin resistance (19). Cinnamon increases insulin sensitivity likely because of its effect on intermediate metabolites acting at the cellular level (20). Several studies stated that polyphenol polymers isolated from cinnamon bark bark could increase insulin-dependent glucose metabolism. (21-23)Cinnamon usually causes no serious side effects. The reported unseemly events of cinnamon include headache, pyrosis and menstrual cramps (24). In general, herbal medicines are better tolerated than pharmaceutical medications as shown in a organized review for critical evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse events of herbal remedies (2 5). Cinnamon extract may offer a low cost, readily available and relatively easily implemented style of reducing insulin resistance and thereby improving ovulation in women with PCOS.2.Literature Review A disarrange, two-fold-blinded, controlled trial investigating the effect of cinnamon on menstrual cyclicity in women with PCOS, women receiving daily 1.5 g of cinnamon treatment showed probatory improvements in menstrual cyclicity, whereas patients receiving placebo did not. Sampling from different patients in the theatre of operations showed the luteal phase serum progesterone (progesterone level 3 ng/mL), sonographic visualization of corpora lutea, and maternalism which all support that the bleeding has resulted from ovulatory cycles, rather than merely changes in menstrual flow (24).That suggests that cinnamon supplement may have an effect on ovulation induction in women with PCOS. Regarding the effect of cinnamon on insulin resistance, a depicted object conducted in 2017 involving 66 women with PCOS in a randomized, double?blind placebo?controlled clinical trial. The women in the first group treated by cinnamon capsules 1.5 g/ mean solar day for tercet months and the second group by placebo capsules. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p = .014) reduced after(prenominal) the collar months in the cinnamon group compared with the placebo (26).Another randomized control study concluded that oral administration of 1g of cinnamon extract daily for eight weeks was well tolerated and improved insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic women with PCOS (27). A double-blind randomized control study, comparing the effect of cinnamon and metformin on insulin resistance in 112 women with PCOS fetching 1g of cinnamon versus 1g of metformin daily, shows that both significantly decreasing the insulin resistance (28).A study in non-PCOS patients with gilded serum glucose, 173 patients were enrolled and given 500mg of cinnamon daily for two months, showed a significant reduction on moderation insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and enhanced insulin sensitivity (29). There are many studies conducted on metformin as insulin-sensitizing agent on ovulation in PCOS women. In a systematic review, forty-four trials (3992 women) were included for analysis, 38 of them using metformin and involving 3495 women, clinical pregnancy rates were improved for metformin versus placebo (pooled OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.51, 8 trials, 707 women) and for metformin and clomiphene versus clomiphene alone (pooled OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.96, 11 trials, 1208 women) (30).Since the cinnamon have been suggested to improve the insulin resistance in previous studies and taking into account the side effects of metformin, a cinnamon supplement may offer a good and natural alternative to metformin as an insulin-sensitizing agent and thereby improve the ovulation in women with PCOS.3. RationalThe rarely and non-serious reported side effe cts of cinnamon on with the cost-effectiveness and availability lead to the need of exploring the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement as a antonymous medicine for ovulation induction in women with PCOS.4.1 AimTo determine the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement and clomiphene change state (CC) combine on ovulation in women with PCOS.4.2ObjectivesPrimary ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement in combination with clomiphene change state versus clomiphene citrate alone on ovulation in women with PCOS, in queer Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.Secondary ObjectivesTo measure the difference in insulin resistance after three months of cinnamon add-on in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To determine the effect of cinnamon and CC combination on menstrual cyclicity, approximated by menstrual frequency, during the study period, in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To measure the pre gnancy rate in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To evaluate the note of sustenance in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.Materials and MethodsPlace of studyThe study impart be carried out in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Obstetrics and gynecology clinics, in Jeddah 2018.Exclusion criteriaCurrent pregnancy or lactation.Current use of treatment of infertility.Established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.Use of Insulin-sensitizing treatment in spite of appearance the past three monthsHormonal treatment involving estrogen or progesterone within the past three months.Known hypersensitivity to cinnamon.Use of statin medication.Any other supplements that contain cinnamon within the past month.BMI 35.Sample SizeTo detect a clinically significant difference of 30% between the antecedently reported systematic review of ovulation rate (46%) (9) with a one-sided 5% significance level and power of 80%, a sample size o f 82 participants (41 per arm) is required. (Fleiss, Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, formulas 3.18 &3.19).RandomizationThe participants allow for be randomized in 11 fashion using a computer class by trained assistance.Allocation concealment pass on be ensured using similar bottles labeled by letters A and B to receive either the combination of cinnamon supplement and clomiphene citrate or clomiphene citrate with placebo. The intervention allocation impart be blind for both investigators and participants.5.6 hitchThe Cinnamomum cassia(C. aromaticum) capsules pass on be purchase from Spring Valley company (distributed by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. USA) by the investigator.Placebo capsules result be prepared by Batterjee Pharma Company and will contain 450 mg of starch and 50 mg of cinnamon powder (to improve blindness regarding taste and odor). Shape, size, and color of placebo capsules will be completely similar to the cinnamon capsules.Cinnamon and placebo capsules will be provided to both groups monthly for 12 weeks. Participants will be required to consume two capsules twice per day after meals (2g/day).The last packages of capsules will be look into at the end of the month, and the summate of remaining capsules will be counted after that, new packages will be delivered to patients. All capsules will be given simultaneously with the clomiphene citrate medication. Participants will be asked to stay on their normal lifestyle including daily food and physical activity level.The 2g dose of cinnamon is chosen base on published clinical trials in patients with PCOS (8,15,16,17).All participants in both groups will be followed for three months or until pregnancy confirmed. The three month-period has chosen found on a systematic review that showed the effect of cinnamon could be as early as 4 weeks and up to 18 weeks (31).5.7 Adherence compliancy with diet and medications and interval progress will be monitored with monthly visits with the inv estigator or his trained assistances along with SMS reminder or WhatsApp messages.Also, participants will be asked to return all study packs (including empty bottles) at either monthly visit.5.8 Patient safetyPatients will be monitored monthly during the study period, and any occurrence of adverse events will be recorded.5.9 Study OutcomesPrimary outcome Progesterone level 3ng/mL (ovulation confirmation) or pregnancy confirmed.Secondary outcomes Changes in insulin resistance, menstrual cyclicity, pregnancy rate and fertility quality of life at the end of the study in comparison with the baseline set.ProcedureThe study will be initiated after obtaining approval from the building block of Biomedical Ethics in King Abdulaziz University and approval from Saudi Food and Drug Authority. All patients will be explained the procedure and risks involved in common, understandable languages and a written informed consent will be obtained.First visit Patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria will be evaluated during the early follicular phase (day 3-7) after a spontaneous or bring on menses (medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg twice?daily for 5 days) forBaseline blood worko (Hormone profile FSH, LH and testosterone levels).o In day 21 (luteal phase) patients will be tested for progesterone level.o Insulin resistance using homeostasis model of insulin resistance HOMA-IR and Quantitative Insulin aesthesia Check Index QUICK-I.? QUICK= 1 / (log(fasting insulin U/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dl))? HOMA-IR= (FPI(mU/l) FPG (mmol/l))/22.5Height and system of weights will be measured and recorded for body mass index (BMI). Diagnosis of oligo-/anovulation will be based on a menstrual pattern of oligo/amenorrhoea (cycle 35 days) and/or a low mid-luteal serum progesterone concentration. Hyperandrogenaemia will be diagnosed either clinically (acne/hirsutism) or biochemically (testosterone ?2.5 nmol/l).Last Visit At the end of three months, all subjects will be re-evaluat ed during the early follicular phase (day 3-7) after a spontaneous or induced menses forBaseline blood work(Hormone profile FSH, LH, testosterone levels).o In day 21 patients will be tested for progesterone level.Insulin resistance using homeostasis model of insulin resistance HOMA-IR and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index QUICK-I.Height and weight for body mass index (BMI).Menstrual cyclicity, approximated by menstrual frequency, (number menses/number months observed).Pregnancy rate using positive urinary hCG and ultrasound detection of the gestational sac.Assessment of dietary recess To assess participants dietary intake, a 24-h food recall will be collected three quantify during the study (at baseline, middle and end of study). Patients will complete food descriptions including food and drinks (brand names), food preparation (ingredients) in detail as much as possible in the last day.Pictures of food commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia, together with a set of common hou sehold measurement tools (glass, cup, soup bowls, plates, teaspoon and tablespoon) will be provided to assist subjects in estimating the portion sizes of the food. Assessment of physical activity levels IPAQ will be employ to assess the physical activity level of participants. The IPAQ form comprises walking, moderate- intensity and vigorous-intensity activity and will be verbalised as metabolic equivalents per minute (MET-min) per week. The levels of physical activity will be categorized into low, moderate and high, based on the IPAQ criteria.Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis will be performed using SPSS 25. Data will be expressed as mean SD for continuous variables and percentage for non-continuous variables. Normality tests will be assessed by means of Shapiro-Wilk tests carried out on each parameter before analysis. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis will include all randomized subjects, regardless of whether or not they received the study treatments.Per protocol (PP) analysis will include all randomized subjects who received the study drug and were not lost to follow-up. Participants who lost to follow-up will be assumed neither to be pregnant nor to have ovulation in the ITT analysis.Relative risk, relative risk reduction, Number necessary to Treat and Number Needed to Harm will be calculated at 95% trustfulness interval.Study variablesVariableOperational definitioni.e., indicatorScale of measurementOvulationProgesterone level in capillary bloodContinuousProgesterone level 3ng/mLInsulin resistanceHOMA-IR and QUICK-IOrdinalHOMA-IR Healthy Range 1.0 (0.51.4)?Less than 1.0 means insulin-sensitive which is optimal.?Above 1.9 indicates early insulin resistance.?Above 2.9 indicates significant insulin resistance.QUICK-I range between 0.45 in healthy individuals and 0.30 in diabetics.Lower values reflect greater resistance with values below 0.339 indicating insulin resistance.Menstrual cyclicityMenstrual frequencyContinuous(No. of menses/ No. of mon th)Pregnancy rateNo. of pregnancies including live births, induced abortions, and fetal deaths per 1,000Continuous(Number of pregnancies including live births, induced abortions, and fetal deaths / Number of women aged 15 44 years) 1,000Quality of lifeInfertility quality of life questionnaire OrdinalEthical considerationsApproval from the Unit of Biomedical Ethics in King Abdulaziz University will be obtained before the start of the study.Informed consent of the participants will be considered an essential prerequisite for enrollment in the study.This study will be registered in Saudi Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) and at Clinicaltrial.gov website.Confidentiality of the response of the participants will be ensured by keeping the collected data secured and used only for the study purpose.Study durationThe enlisting period will be three months each arm group will be followed for three months, the total study duration with data analysis and writing the thesis will be ten months. Table1 study time frame

Why Do People Smoke?

wherefore Do People Smoke? Shourav Banik 1111263042 ENG 105 14 Abdus Selim May 2, 2012 wherefore Do People Smoke? Introduction Smoking is one of the roughly popular embodyumes among hatful to twenty-four hour period. All more or less the world we see tidy sum dope. Even in Bangladesh the number of potbellyrs is quite high. Especially close to the university campus unfledged adults argon seen take in frequently. It atomic number 50 be said that among every friend circle in universities we volition find one or two sess carriages. My circle is no different to a fault. Not however in universities, even around schools and colleges teenagers arouse be seen sess.Offices and restaurants expect their own sess zone so that plenty posterior rat with step up any kind of problems. Given this huge popularity of smoking one can only wonder the primary(prenominal) seasonnesss idler it? Smoking cig atomic number 18ttes has become a very crude trend among throng today. Although in that respect ar various bad cause of smoking cigargonttes the great unwashed find it very tight to quit smoking once they operate. Now-a-days we see even very young boys and girls smoking cigarettes. The bad actionuate of smoking are known to or so everybody in the world today. There has been strong promotion against this subtle habit.In school students are constantly reminded of its bad consequences. But still we see pot smoking. This is a habit that has been going on for many decades now. Several indicates drive a man towards smoking. Every soulfulness tends to see that they pee different footing for smoking. But if we look closely we may see a popular pattern among warmerrs. The main evidence of smoking is mental. History of Smoking First of all we will in brief look at the origin of smoking. Cigarettes have a long history. tobacco plant, the main ingredient of cigarettes, first started suppuration in close to 6,000 B.C. In 1 B. C. American In dians started using tobacco. At first they were mainly employ because of religious reasons. It was in addition regardd and then that tobacco had healing powers and was used as a pain killer. Tobacco was brought to Europe by sailors. Randall (1999) reported that on 1492 Christopher Columbus was gifted with dried tobacco by the American Indians. Even in Europe the major(ip) reason for tobacco use was medical. It was believed that tobacco could heal almost everything, starting from bad breath to cancer. In 1571 a Spanish doctor called Nicolas Monardes even wrote a stupefy togetherscript describing its healing factors.In that he said tobacco could heal 36 health problems. In the 1600s tobacco became very popular. It was even used as money in some parts of the world. But this was as well as the time when sight started noticing the dangers of smoking. In 1610 Sir Francis Bacon reported that quitting smoking is difficult. In 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, tobacco hel ped pay the revolution. It was used as collateral for loans the Americans borrowed from France. Over the years scientists began to understand the main chemicals in tobacco. In 1826, nicotine was discovered.It was then completely unfeignedized that smoking is a deadly habit. Around 1849 cigarettes became popular. Soldiers brought it to England from Russian and Turkish soldiers. During this time cigarettes were make from the scrap of early(a) tobacco product. Chewing tobacco was one of them as it was quite popular among the Americans. In 1900s cigarettes became a major tobacco product. During the two World Wars the use of cigarettes became very high. During these times women were targeted by the cigarette companies. In the Second World War (1939-1945) cigarettes were included in the soldiers C-Rations.Tobacco companies sent millions of cigarettes free of cost to the soldiers. And when the war broke they had a huge number of loyal customers. In the following years the real dangers o f smoking started to come to existence. Scientists linked smoking to cancer. Various health hazards were discovered. During this time the advertisements of cigarettes in television were being prohibited in Great Britain and in the U. S. In the recent years more bad set up of smoking have been found. But still lots of state are smoking even after(prenominal) knowing the bad effects (Randall, 1999).Reasons behind Smoking There are various reasons behind smoking. desire discussed previously, smoking was once considered as a healing treatment. But in modern society things have changed. Among several of reasons the main reasons of smoking are psychological. Radwan (n. d. ) said Contrary to common beliefs large number dumbbell cigarettes because of psychological reasons and not because of nicotine addition. Starting from curiosity to depression, all the moods of homo psyche play a large effect on smoking. Here we are going to see exactly what causes a person to smoke.The main psy chological reasons are explained below. Depression Depression can play a big role in smoking. Whenever people get depressed they start to smoke. Again already depressed people might find difficulties in quitting smoking. For teen-agers depression triggers the starting of smoking. McGovern et al. (2006) reported that Teens who smoke regularly are almost twice as liable(predicate) as teens who smoke occasionally to report high levels of depression. The reasons for this kind of behavior have always been questioned. Only recently some explanations have come break through. Cheong, Herkov, and Goodman (n. d. explained some of the reasons New research has suggested that there may be something in cigarette smoke that has antidepressant properties, which explains why cigarette smoking is much more common among depressed patients. A peck of 3,000 individuals in the St. Louis area confirmed that spirittime frequency of major depression was more common among smokers than nonsmokers (6. 6 v s. 2. 9 percent) This study also demonstrated that smokers who reported at least one episode of major depression were less a plausibly to advance in smoking cessation programs than smokers without depression (14 vs. 8 percent). These findings have been confirmed many times over. These properties influence depressed people to smoke. as well as it is often seen that whenever someone get depressed they start smoking heavily. So we can translate that depression can strongly influence people into smoking. Curiosity One more reason why people especially teen-agers start smoking is curiosity. Young people often start to smoke on the nose to find out how it tastes. Gaskell (2010) said Curiosity may get the best of some teens who find smoking notwithstanding to find out what it qualitys like. Especially children are often curious to do new or forbidden things.Whenever they go outside they see cigarettes being bought or sold. This all adds to their curiosity and they start smoking. T he quite a little conducted for this research also yields the same result. This survey shows that almost 78% of students doing the survey have smoke-cured out of curiosity at least for once. Some may think that young boys and girls truly smoke because it looks sang-froid or to show off where the real reason is actually curiosity. Also some people start doing it as an act of rebellion (Pressmart Team, 2007). Peer gouge Peer pressure also drives young people into smoking.Peer means friends who are of equal age. Maddox (2011) believes that peers play a large role in a persons behavior The behavior and choices of peers can influence the behavior and choices of others in their peer group, which may have either a negative or a positive impact, depending on the circumstances. When it comes to the unsafe behavior of smoking, the data link between young people who do or do not smoke and their peers is very strong. Whenever in a friend circle someone starts to smoke others also start do ing it unsloped because of not absentminded to be left alone.Edwards (2011) reported that . . . not participating in an activity that others are participating in leaves impressionable teens feeling left out and more likely to hook up the habit besides to fit in with the group. So it is often seen that people get the smoking habit just by trying to fit in societally. Evans (n. d. ) stated that Often they feel encouraged and pressured or even pester and taunted into smoking. Teens also want to fit in with peer groups they admire-the simmer down kids-and many of them will do what cool kids do. So it is quite natural for young boys and girls to start smoking in order to get social acceptance. Influence of Others Young children look up to their elder brothers and sisters, parents and other familiar faces. So whenever they see their darling figures smoking they get highly influenced to do so. It is believed they do so because children want be more like them (Evans, n. d. ). Paren ts also play a large role into this. Researches show that whenever mothers are depressed and smoke it is likely that their children will also take up this habit (Gaskell, 2010). Other studies also support this fact.Smokers in the family can lead children into smoking. Edwards (2011) reported In addition, having family members who smoke increases the availability of cigarettes. Teenagers can simply take cigarettes from unattended packs around the house rather than putting effort into getting them another way. When a parent incorporates cigarettes into a teenagers heart by having him bring the cigarettes, clean ashtrays or even light cigarettes, the teen is more likely to pick up the habit than an adolescent who does not handle cigarettes or cigarette paraphernalia on a regular basis.Not only relatives and friends sometimes even favorite actors or players can influence young people to smoke. Especially in movies when children see the heroes smoking they get influenced to do so. So ro le models also play a big part in the reasons of smoking. Stress many an(prenominal) chain smokers continue to smoke to shut up stress. Mature people when get addicted to smoking they dont just continue to do it out of curiosity or peer pressure, they continue to do so to release stress or anxiety. Again some use smoking as a reliever of tension.It is very common among smokers to smoke whenever they feel stressed or anxiety. They often smoke in the beginning and the closing of the day. Ditcher (1947) said The smoker has work to do, and he eases himself into the days activities as pleasantly as possible. He gives himself a little consolation bread in advance, and at the same time manages to postpone the evil hour when he must begin his arduous days work. After a long tiring day of work they believe that smoking can make them feeling relaxed. Even during work it is not uncommon to take a break for a smoke.It can also work like a rewarding system. Orlopp (n. d. ) explains this fact by saying taking five at work to smoke a cigarette is a reward for a smoker, most wouldnt think of taking five if they didnt have a reason too. With smoking, you have that reason to kick sticker and enjoy yourself for a couple minutes. It helps give you that boost to get through a long day of work. So whenever smokers find themselves in trouble they tend to good deal it by smoking. Some even go as far as to say that without having a puff of smoke they cannot think properly. Difficulties in Quitting SmokingHaving discussed the main psychological reason for smoking, now we will gaze a view on why it is hard to actually quit smoking. Every year lots and lots of smokers try to get rid of this abominable habit but more than half of them fail. Again there are some people who succeed in giving up smoking but after a while they go defend to it. There is a very common saying among the smokers, Quitting is easy, and I have quitted smoking many times. So we can see that there many peopl e who tried to quit but for some reason they just cannot stay away. There are several reasons behind this.Thompson (2011) reported that although nicotine makes it hard to quit smoking the main reason behind it is a bit more complex. Smoking makes several of psychological changes in a mans life. People tend to make smoking a part of their occasional life. So whenever they try to quit smoking they also must deal with all parts of their life which can initiate the desire for smoking. One of the main difficulties in quitting is the insularity symptoms. It can vary other than among different people. The symptoms can be physical or psychological. Some of them are listed below * Frustration anguish * Irritability * Dizziness * Sleep disturbances * Concentrating problems * Restlessness * Headaches * Fatigue * Depression These are the some of the many symptoms of withdrawal (Shaw, 2010b). So we can notice here that various psychological reasons that can cause smoking are also the effects of quitting. So smokers often find it hard and go back to smoking just to cope up with these problems. Another main obstacle in the fight against smoking is temptation. Some people find it very difficult to remain ex-smokers just because they cannot stay away from smoking.Shaw (2010a) has said Dealing with temptations to smoke again often starts on the first day of quitting and can last for days or weeks. Many ex-smokers have an emotional attachment to smoking for a time. They may remember smoking while having a cup of coffee or alcoholic beverage. Smoking after a meal had been a common practice. Some people have friends still smoking or want to go to places where smoking is accepted. Also the availability of cigarettes now-a-days can make resisting cigarettes more difficult. Mostly in the streets of Bangladesh cigarettes is sold in plenty.People dont have to walk very far to find a shop selling cigarettes. So just seeing all these cigarettes can awaken the temptation to smoke again . Another interesting theory about difficulties was described by Radwan (n. d. ). He said that people with self image problem always feel uneasy in crowded environment. They often do various embarrassing things and lose control. So to fix this problem people go back to smoking. As smoking demands repeating certain fixed movements, people can get back the sense of control they require. Thus for people like this quitting becomes extremely difficult.Survey Findings In order to prove the hypothesis that psychological reasons indeed play a large role into smoking a survey was conducted among 23 students of this university. Both male and female students were included in the survey. They produced significant results. And from the survey it seemed that curiosity, depression and influence from people are mainly responsible from smoking. An important question of this research was does human psychology play a big role for people to smoke? 14 people out of the 23 respondents thought that it pl ayed a big part.This means almost 61% people actually think that psychology is responsible for smoking. assure 1 Among the 23 respondents 6 thought that it played moderate role. And only 3 people thought psychology is not the main reason for smoking. From the percentage put of view only 13% people go against this hypothesis. So this statistics strengthens the hypothesis that psychology is the main reason for smoking. Previously we discussed that teenagers start smoking mainly because of curiosity. In the survey a question was asked if they ever ingest out of curiosity. And out of 23 people 18 of them answered yes.So almost 79% people have smoked out curiosity. The reason of adolecence smoking also came out to be curiosity. Figure 2 So from the graph we can see that the majority of people (11 out of 23) believe that curiosity leads young people into smoking. It is also found out that 27% people believe that showing off also is another reason for smoking. 22% believes that peer pre ssure is another reason. So it seems that in Bangladesh curiosity and showing off are the main reasons of why young people start to smoke. Again they were asked that when do people tend to smoke more. 5 out 23 people believe that when someone is tensed they smoke. Also 13 of them believe that depression causes them to smoke. And a small amount persons (4 out of 23) said that people smoke when they are happy. Figure 3 So from this chart we can come to the conclusion that tension and depression cause people to smoke more. From the survey another interesting result came out. It is popular belief that normal people smoke more than very successful and not successful people at all. This can point at the fact that a huge number of people smoke today as normal optic order people are the majority.Figure 4 As we can see the normal core class constructs almost 35% of the total area of the pie and the lower shopping centre class constructs 30%. So together, middle class people take up 65% o f the whole area. Not successful people also hold 26% of the total area. So all in all we can say that middle class people smoke more. Also there were some other questions like does influence of other actually play a role in smoking? 91% of the people thought that it did. And when they were asked who can influence them, most of them said friends and relatives.Again they were asked if they thought that smoking was fun. But most of them did not think that smoking was fun. Respondents also gave their own opinion about the reason of smoking. Most of them thought tension and depression are the main causes of smoking. So the survey produced some valuable results. The statistics from the survey proves that the main reasons those were discussed in the essay are quite correct. Conclusion Smoking today is a very popular habit among people today. Although it has arduous consequences people still continue to do it. Various people do it for various reasons.But if we try to popularize the reas ons we can actually see that most of them start smoking out of curiosity, peer pressure and influence. And when they get addicted they cant quit because of the added stress, tension and depression. All of these are psychological reasons. It is true that there are some physical reasons also behind smoking but its the psychological reason that plays the bigger par. So it can be said that human psychology is the main reason behind smoking. References Cheong, J. , Herkov, M. , Goodman, W. (n. d. ). Depression and smoking.Retrieved from http//psychcentral. com/library/depression_smoking. htm Dichter, E. (1947). Why do we smoke cigarettes? In The psychology of everyday living. Retrieved from http//smokingsides. com/docs/whysmoke. html Edwards, C. (2011, June 14). Reasons why teenagers start smoking. Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/ condition/220035-reasons-why-teenagers-start-smoking/ Evans, A. (n. d. ). Smoking and teenagers. Retrieved from http//adrianaevans. hubpages. com/h ub/Smoking-and-teenagers Gaskell, K. H. 2010, sublime 16). Reasons teenagers begin smoking. Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/article/207428-reasons-teenagers-begin-smoking/ Maddox, N. (2011, May 29). Smoking Peer Pressure Facts. Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/article/245384-smoking-peer-pressure-facts/ McGovern, J. A. , Rodriguez, D. , Patel, V. , Faith, M. S. , Rodgers, K. , Cuevas, J. (2006, April). How do psychological factors influence adolescent smoking progression? the evidence for indirect effects through tobacco advertising receptivity. Pediatrics, 117, 1216-1225, doi 10. 542/peds. 2005-0808 Orlopp, B. (n. d. ). Why do people continue to smoke? stress, expression, social, loneliness. Why do people smoke? Retrieved from http//www. squidoo. com/why-do- people-smoke- Pressmart Team. (2007, December 4). Curiosity leads youth to smoke. Retrieved from http//www. pressmart. com/blog/2007/12/curiosity-leads-youth-to-smoke. html Radwan, M. F. (n. d. ). Why do pe ople fail to quit smoking? Why do people smoke cigarettes. Retrieved from http//www. 2knowmyself. com/Why_do_people_smoke_cigarettes Randall, V. R. (1999, August 31).History of tobacco. Retrieved from http//academic. udayton. edu/health/syllabi/tobacco/history. htm Shaw, J. (2010a, July 4). Problems after you quit smoking. Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/article/165762-problems-after-you-quit-smoking/ Shaw, J. (2010b, June 9). Why is smoking hard to quit? Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/article/144259-why-is-smoking-hard-quit/ Thompson, D. J. (2011, June). Why is it so hard to quit smoking? Retrieved from http//www. everydayhealth. com/smoking-cessation/understanding/index. aspx

Components of American Economic Growth between 1820-1860 Essay

Despite the thrust of the Jeffersonians towards agrarian corporate trust and its expansion, by 1820 however, the American economy was moving more towards industry and technology. American economic growth was tie in to and influenced by events elsewhere in the world particularly in Great Britain which was the home of the Industrial Revolution. The keep of industrialization fueled economic growth. in that location were the technological innovations that allowed for the increase in production.With the factory system, we see for the start-off era that goods were produced instantaneous than the population could grow. It was fortunate that the United States has abundant supply of natural resources or newfangled materials necessary for the production of goods. Moreover, with increasing European migration to the Americas, the demand for additional workers necessary for economic expansion was met. in that location were other factors that contributed to this continued development. Imp roved transportation played a key role.There was a time that the Federalists and anti-Federalists were arguing against the viability and management of a continued expansion. This has now been rendered moot as canal-building projects in the 1820s and 1830s and the construction of the railroads which dramatically transformed this situation. Moreover, it was also instrumental in bringing about economic and geographic expansion. Canals and railroads provided farmers, merchants and manufacturers with cheap and reliable access to markets and goods and encouraged Americans to settle the frontier and cultivate virgin lands. Before the canals, the loading rates were prohibitive and it was not financially viable to produce more that the local market. Then, seeing Britains success with the steam-powered railways, the U. S. followed suit with the construction of its railroads which does not freeze over unlike canals. With railroad expansion, the U. S. experiences faster economic growth. Goods, people, commercial information flowed even more predictably, speedyly and cheaply. As well, improved transportation bear on agricultural expansion and regional specialization. Rather than produce diverse products for local consumption, they can just outcome staples from other regions and focus instead on producing products that are high yield and suitable to their soil and climate. Hence, by the late 1830s the old Northwest had become the countrys granary while unseasoned England farmers turned to dairy products. Then on that point was the infusion of capital from foreign investors and from the fast-growing merchant class. There were new investments and the rise of new enterprise.While cities had the major share of factory concentration which led to urbanization, there were one or two factories as well which located in the smaller towns. Local and utter governments did their share in encouraging entrepreneurship by passing laws of incorporation, granting tax breaks or monopo listic control, underwriting bonds for improvement projects and homework of loans. Judicial decisions also created ownership and concept of property rights and the binding nature of contracts.There was also the rapid spread of education that fostered innovation, productivity, discipline and skills development. Then, there were the intangible factors. The Americans in this era were simply thinking differently. The entrepreneurial outlook was present and there was a constant drive for change and improvement.Work CitedEconomic Transformations in the Northeast and the Old Northwest. Name of Book. XXX ed. Year Published.

Motivation Letter

N. Michigan Avenue, cortege 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 sexual love Sir/Madam, Sub pauperism letter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards faculty members helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was in truth much fire to take up a carg championr in aeronautical engineering and valued to explore the constitutional innovation through my aeronautical acquaintance. To put frontward-moving by views in my track In June 2006 I hurl started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my acquaintance in this field I exhaust interpreted up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the start year of study. In my curriculum I beget through with(p) aircraft inclination view titled as conniving of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I shed completed conniving courses and neted knowledge in man y andiron & FEM tools much(prenominal) as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I curb taken up CSWA mental test and i gull secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified straightforward works associate(CSWA). I have as well as done paper introduction in foundation of take hold Vaccum Cleaner,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the study event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in Designing of Multiple disc halt at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller internationalist Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in Confinement of snag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine at HAL (Hindustan astronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another kindle and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great picture to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the reconstructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SSVOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering De dispersement, TU Delft.Since I am from a break awaying country (India), my p atomic number 18nts be eagle-eyed to lower socio economical status and go forth find oneself it difficult to even off my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank lend for which by-line rate are truly high and my parents give be able to pay bet on only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to restrain my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to save my imagines in the fields of aviation. Yours rightfully Vivekanandhan Sindhamani want letterDear Madam/Sir The political platform Director of the M. A. (Terrorism, Safety & Security), C. S. U. Australia. My name is SURENDER SINGH. With this letter I hereby deal to state my interest for a place in crucify of Arts in Terrorism, Safety & Security. I am convinced that the Masters in Terrorism study corresponds with my future plans of shiting a career as counter-terrorism analyst. It is my dream & ambitiousness to be admitted and pursue my post-graduate study in the field of counter-terrorism & worldwide security in order to develop a career that leads to working across the world.I am graduated from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (INDIA) and received my degree in Bachelor of Arts with Mathematics & Economics as Major. second time I was graduated in June 1994 from the University of Kurukshetra (INDIA) Faculty of Law and acquired my Bachelor of Laws (Professional) degree. During my schooling & tertiary pedagogics my motherland i. e. Punjab (India) was burning in the fire of terrorism. During my law study Punjab was facing post Sikh-terrorism period. I felt, confront and saw the dreaded psychological, economic, social, political impacts of terrorism on people, society, sta te & on nation.In December 1994 I started to work in the High Court of Punjab, Republic of India as a deplorable lawyer. Being criminal lawyer I deal a wide variety of criminal cases of Murder, Narcotics, Corruption, Drugs, Money Laundering, Frauds under Indian Penal Code AND cases under TADA (Terrorist And Disruptive Act) both on prosecution & defence sides. This position provided me to station causes, reasons behind crimes and give a chance to pip into the dark world of organized crimes & terrorism.The most rich experience of understanding crimes for me has been started when I was selected in the year 2000 as Judge for very prestigious Punjab extract Judicial Service. In my court many hardcore criminals, smugglers & terrorists appeared and stand up before me for criminal proceeding & trials. As Judge I able to understand & analyzed their behaviors, crime minds i. e. Mens rea, modus oparndi and causes behind their criminals acts, whether those are political, social, economic, pass on or cross-boarder etc. I would finally like to add some professional qualities which I have developed in me as a permanent taste of competitiveness.Being Judicial Officer I joined number of Justice Department courses on law, crimes, computer forensic & e-governance etc. Keeping in mind the changing scenario of world, I also devoted my time for study of cyber crimes and passed the world class certifications MCP (Microsoft dependant Professional), MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer), CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) & Unix+. I also upgrade my knowledge about Organized crimes, notes laundering & financing of terrorism. I am presently also member of ACFE (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners).Of an surpassing motivation, I unvoicedly imply myself in my academic & professional activities to carry out my objectives. My communication skills (oral & written) are unmatchable. I am excellent in incline language as the medium of instruction & run of my degrees (both B. A. and LL. B. ) is English. Since 1994 I am working in English only, as the proceedings of courts under Punjab High Courts are English. Besides this I also perfect in Hindi, Urdu & Punjabi languages. Years ago I choose to build my future in India and do all I toilet to make a difference in my society.Now, I want to put my opera hat efforts in the Global war a larnst terrorism and want to still & secure my Australian brothers & sisters. The ambition which I have just exposed to you would not be cognize without a solid theoretical background and a strong real world experience specialised in the field of counter-terrorism. A completion of this Masters from C. S. U. will be an excellent springboard for my future career and will provide me the knowledge, confidence and contacts to realize my dreams. Thank you very much for considering my request. I look forward to your affirmative response. Sincerely yours, SURENDER SINGH.Motivation garnerMotivation letter Dear Sir or Mad am, I am writing to express my interest in applying for . first in September .. I regard my educational background would enable me to make a strong contri scarcelyion at the University. I mention that I have graduate in year.. from the and got a bachelor degree in . My academic performance was constantly on top of class. I have been an active member of the scholarly person Union where I have been involved in the development of some(prenominal) engineering and projects.Moreover I rump say that I would like to continue my studies in order to gain knowledge and experiences by academic research and I believe a Master percentage point class in would offer me the porta of receiving the complete picture of all aspects of this field. The reason for choosing this specific Master computer programme comes from the fact that in the climb up future I would like to get to know more things regarding the cardinal disciplines of .. and acquire a bounteous overview of ..I already got so me ideas in my head, but unfortunately until now I did not have the decent knowledge and the right tools for putting them in practice and that is why I know that this Master Programme would be an excellent starting point for me. Also if I will get selected for this programme I will have the opportunity to learn from the best and the fact that I will study in an international environment will give me the privilege to create in the raw relationships with people from different cultures.I am also aware of the kind of dedication and perseverance I will need to have for achieving the best results in the field and I believe my background will cast away me for such a Master Programme. Finally I can say that I look forward to join this Master Degree Programme . in order to prove my abilities and gain new skills and I will be patiently waiting for a positive reply.Motivation LetterN. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, Sub Motivation le tter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards academics helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was very much interested to take up a career in aeronautical engineering and wanted to explore the entire world through my aeronautical knowledge. To put forward by views in my way In June 2006 I have started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my knowledge in this field I have taken up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the first year of study. In my curriculum I have done aircraft design project titled as Designing of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I have completed designing courses and gained knowledge in many CAD & FEM tools such as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I have taken up CSWA exam and i have secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified solid works associate(CSWA). I h ave also done paper presentation in Design of Handheld Vaccum Cleaner,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the national event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in Designing of Multiple disc brake at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller International Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in Confinement of snag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another exciting and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great exposure to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the constructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SSVOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering Department, TU Delft.Since I am from a developing country (India), my parents belong to lower socio economic status and will find it difficult to pay my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank loan for which interest rates are very high and my parents will be able to pay back only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to continue my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to fulfil my dreams in the fields of aviation. Yours Sincerely Vivekanandhan SindhamaniMotivation LetterDear, Global Youth Ambassador ProgramWith this letter, I would like to express my interest in get together Global Youth Ambassador Program. As student who joining an musical arrangement, I am regular person who interest to challenge my self to discover new experience with a different world from my comfort zone disembodied spirit. Beside looking new experience, I like make a friends, I can build a good climates with other people . People know me as friendly person, but become a friendly person there is negative impact that gain from my self. Sometimes I wonder that people is not comfort stay beside me because I am a person who interest in talking, but being a fussy person is the way making friends for me. In an organization life, I strive for having ability to communicate with others and also well time organize is the important one that I must apply in my organization life.Discover a new challenge in life is my typical, when my friends telling me that AISEC held a program which is travel across the world to go through a ethnic learning experience while working for project and NGOs that purpose to build positive impact in society, I feel so challenged to join this program. As I ever see in one of President University Charity Clubs program that is teaching especially for English lesson to children in rural area, I want to involved more my social project by joining this Global Youth Ambassador Program. I will dedicate my hard work to succeed this this program by participating in every activities held b y this program. I believe I can gain the requirement, and I go for for positive reply. you can contact me via telephone +6285324875757 or email emailprotected.comSincerely,Hani Widiya OktavianiMotivation LetterKnowing more about how objects around us function has always enthralled me. My childhood dream job was to become a pilot but as I matured, I realized that my dream is to see an airplane, that I have designed, fly. I have found nothing to be more terrible than to make plans, combine parts and at the end watch, what I have built, work. I am always ready to learn new things, especially those that represent a challenge for me. I graduated with a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering in the branch of industrial engineering from Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University.I did my mini project on engine the theme To decrease the heat losses in engine victimization ceramic coating to increase the thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency of the engine. I am doing my main proj ect in production industry Shardlow India limited which is crankshaft manufacturing industry using hot forging. I did my project in increasing the efficiency of furnace. The theme was To increase the efficiency of fueled furnace by recovering the waste heat and preheating the combustion air to reduce the fuel consumption and incentive a waste heat recovery system.Meanwhile I have started my internship at Brakes India Limited a leading manufacturing of brakes in world. During my internship, I have learnt about various responsibilities including analyzing customers needs, interpreting demands to working systems ground on braking, running feasibility studies and providing new solutions for higher efficiency in systems. I have taken part in workshops and training courses in order to extend my knowledge on manufacturing systems. I believe that my experience as an intern at Brakes India Limited is the main reason that drives me to study in Europe.I have acquired sound knowledge of leadi ng edge engineering principles, tools, practices with emphasis on designing, building and exam systems and now these experiences push me forward to learn more and to take a new horizon to gain more experience. Studying Mechanical Engineering in a country, which is the cradle of this science and origin of expert wonders, is a good opportunity for me to improve my knowledge both practically and theoretically. I expect that this overlook program provides me chance to get to know with mechanical systems andaffiliates me to the industries, which are living examples of the art of mechanics. I hope that I can gain more experience in dealing with situations, people, systems, demands that will be of a great help to me for my future career. Studying at your multicultural university enables me to improve my interpersonal talents. I would be learning in one of the best universities in Europe. Besides, I will have the opportunity to develop myself in an international environment giving me the privilege to meet new people with different points of view.That would be very enriching experience for me. I realize the highly competitive demands of the program, but I have the ability, ambition and motivation to exceed the requirements and to excel at the university. I am eager to gain new experiences, and, in my opinion, this program is the best way to achieve that. I am positive that the Aalto University, Finland and especially the mechanical engineering master program would be an excellent start for an ambitious business career. Therefore, I would be very proud and happy if I could be a part of this prestigious university.Motivation LetterMotivation letter Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my interest in applying for . starting in September .. I believe my educational background would enable me to make a strong contribution at the University. I mention that I have graduate in year.. from the and got a bachelor degree in . My academic performance was always on top of class. I have been an active member of the student Union where I have been involved in the development of several engineering and projects.Moreover I can say that I would like to continue my studies in order to gain knowledge and experiences by academic research and I believe a Master Degree Programme in would offer me the possibility of receiving the complete picture of all aspects of this field. The reason for choosing this specific Master Programme comes from the fact that in the near future I would like to get to know more things regarding the fundamental disciplines of .. and acquire a broad overview of ..I already got some ideas in my head, but unfortunately until now I did not have the right knowledge and the right tools for putting them in practice and that is why I know that this Master Programme would be an excellent starting point for me. Also if I will get selected for this program I will have the opportunity to learn from the best and the fact that I will study in an i nternational environment will give me the privilege to create new relationships with people from different cultures.I am also aware of the kind of dedication and perseverance I will need to have for achieving the best results in the field and I believe my background will qualify me for such a Master Programme. Finally I can say that I look forward to join this Master Degree Programme . in order to prove my abilities and gain new skills and I will be patiently waiting for a positive reply.Motivation LetterN. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, Sub Motivation letter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards academics helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was very much interested to take up a career in aeronautical engineering and wanted to explore the entire world through my aeronautical knowledge. To put forward by views in my way In June 2006 I have started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my knowledge in this field I have taken up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the first year of study. In my curriculum I have done aircraft design project titled as Designing of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I have completed designing courses and gained knowledge in many CAD & FEM tools such as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I have taken up CSWA exam and i have secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified solid works associate(CSWA). I have also done paper presentation in Design of Handheld Vaccum Cleaner,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the national event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in Designing of Multiple disc brake at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller International Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in Confinement of s nag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another exciting and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great exposure to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the constructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SSVOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering Department, TU Delft.Since I am from a developing country (India), my parents belong to lower socio economic status and will find it difficult to pay my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank loan for which interest rates are very high and my parents will be able to pay back only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to continue my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to fulfil my drea ms in the fields of aviation. Yours Sincerely Vivekanandhan Sindhamani