Friday, December 27, 2019

The Spanking Issue the Ethical Dilemma of Corporal...

The Spanking Issue: The Ethical Dilemma of Corporal Punishment This issue of corporal punishment is a current issue that many people have on their minds. The issue strikes an emotional chord for many whom were or were not punished by spanking during their own childhoods. The issue generally focuses on the effect that spanking or other discipline methods will have on children. I will specifically be exploring the question: is it ever appropriate to spank a child? The cases for and against the spanking of young children are many and varied. But the main issue is the level of appropriateness that the act can reach. The well being of the children of today is of the utmost importance to our society. The authority will be passed from the†¦show more content†¦The main problem with spanking is that it may increase the childs belief that violence is a good way to solve problems and/or the spanking will instill the child with feelings of defiance and anger towards the administering person. (Duncan, 2007) I believe that effectual spanking would include proper education with love before and after the spanking for the purpose of clarifying the intent of the person who is spanking and the cooperation of the spanked child. The understanding of the context and reasoning of the parent is crucial for the child to grasp before an effective physical discipline session can be carried out. Many people believe that a quick swat from them to their child sends a clear message and is effectual discipline when included with loving remarks and in consistent fashion. I believe this view is the best way to help us understand the question: is it ever appropriate to spank a child? I believe that the answer that most definitely does not solve this question is that disciplining a child with spanking is alright when nothing else will work, or when the parent has had enough. This could lead to abuse and/or psychosocially damaging discipline sessions. The context is that all-important factor that defines whether the discipline is appropriate or not. Unfortunately, many parents may have inherited foolish disciplineShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children5936 Words   |  24 Pagesare four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. In Western countries, preventing child abuse is considered a high priority, and detailed laws and policies exist to address this issue. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, childRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesâ€Å"Big† Families? 739 Graphing Calculator Exploration 746 14 Multiple Regression Analysis 749 14.1 Multiple Regression Models 750 14.2 Fitting a Model and Assessing Its Utility 763 14.3 Inferences Based on an Estimated Model 14-1 14.4 Other Issues in Multiple Regression 14-13 14.5 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 14-26 Activity 14.1 Exploring the Relationship Between Number of Predictors and Sample Size 780 Sections and/or chapter numbers in color can be

Thursday, December 19, 2019

How the U.S. Lost Neutrality in WWII because of Pearl Harbor

How the U.S. Lost Neutrality in WWII Because Of Pearl Harbor Since the end of the First World War, America and its people did not want more war. The last thing they wanted was to get involved in another war; little did they know that war was not so far away from their doorstep. After the first World War, many Americans thought that large corporations who wanted profitable military contracts had arranged U.S. participation in the war, and suspicion of big business and of internationalism developed more after the stock market crash in October 1929 (Carroll-Mason, 2010). Despite all of the U.S attempts to stay out of war, America finally declared war on Japan in 1945 because of their attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (Woods, 2008). World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 (Beinart, 2009). It was not until two years after the beginning of World War II that the United States entered the war in 1941. The president at the time was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known as FDR (Thompson, 2010). Roosevelt became the thirty-second president of the united stated and was president for three terms from 1933-1945 (Thompson, 2010). After his first presidential election, Roosevelt promised a new deal for the American people. At this time Americas was under the Great Depression (Thompson, 2010). Before his election, as the United States struggled in the depths of despair of the Great Depression, the international scene grew more and more threatening (Carroll-Mason,Show MoreRelatedAmerica s Position On World War II1273 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" Pearl harbor caused our nation to the course of our nation’s history and the world’s future.’’ How did the American’s position on World War II change, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor? The American’s position on World War II, changes when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Throughout the essay it will explain the America’s position on the policy of Neutrality â€Å"Isolationism† and U.S attack military weapons and also the Japanese attack on Pearl harbor before WWII. The policy of NeutralityRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy History2175 Words   |  9 PagesThe course of U.S. foreign policy history can be understood through â€Å"watersheds,† or critical points. These points can serve as dividing lines that illuminate shifts in policy and opinion. However, thinking of this history in terms of critical moments or turning points can simplify the complex actors, sentiments and tendencies that create and influence foreign policy. These critical points are not necessarily the sole cause of massive shifts in policy, but often add impetus to pre-existing tendenciesRead MoreSignificance Of The Munich Conference1872 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 7th, 1941? [5]. (I combined the answers to both of these questions in this paragraph) From the 1920s to the 1940s, the United states adopted a policy of neutrality. Later that policy of Neutrality would end due to World War II. In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles led to an economic crisis in Germany. As a result of this, Germany lost their overseas colonies, had to pay war reparations, and accept blame for starting World War I. In 1921, the Washington Naval conference led to a reduced stockpileRead MoreEvents That Took Place During Wwii2453 Words   |  10 Pagesthat Took Place During WWII World War II, one of the most deadliest wars in U.S. history, was started by two sides, the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers. The Allied Powers was made up of the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union while the Axis Powers was made up of Germany, Japan, and Italy. There were many significant reasons why the United States entered World War II. The events that led to the United States joining World War II were the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Holocaust, and theRead MoreWorld War II : The United States And Japan2102 Words   |  9 Pagesmeasures was the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war (Nash 513). The United States tried several maneuvers on Japan; they placed oil embargos to force Japan to shut down military operations in China. The US was focused on economically destroying Japan while Japan was planning a surprise attack on the US. Japan. Completely unaware of what the Japanese were planning, December 7th, 1941 at 6 a.m., Japan pil ots bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor, taking out the UnitedRead More​Throughout history there have been several radical events which have ultimately affected large2500 Words   |  10 PagesJapanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was ethical or not. While many people may struggle with the realization of the aftermath of these events, to me the answer is quite clear. The United States utilization of nuclear weapons against Japan during WWII was neither necessary nor ethical. ​Before any rational discussion or analysis on the topic can be formally begun, I believe it is of relative importance to clarify exactly what is meant by the word â€Å"ethical.† Ethics can roughly be defined as theRead MoreImpact Of War On Society And The Economy1933 Words   |  8 Pagesforeign policy and diplomacy, as well as how best to approach warfare altogether. Learning from the mistakes of others can often help lead to much more sound decisions. For example in terms of warfare, it is important to look back and examine instances in which America has gone to war and carefully observe specific events that led to America’s entry into said war. Also, it is crucial to identify the broader economic and ideological causes of these wars as well as how each war has affected the United StatesRead MoreInterpretations of the Origins of WWII3781 Words   |  16 PagesInterpretations of the Origins of WWII World War Two began on September 1st, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland, and the French and British declarations of war on Germany two days later. From even before this official beginning to the war, people have continually tried to analyze what actually brought about the most destructive war in history, with many different interpretations having been put forward. Richard Overys argument is a complex one, involving a look at each of the majorRead MoreThe First World War I2127 Words   |  9 Pagespurification of the human race. However, some do not know what went into that war. For instance, many do not know the real injustices Germany faced at the hands of the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles; others may not have given much thought to how both sides prepared, or did not prepare, for the next potential war while attempting to prevent repeating the mistakes of the first; and many may not know just what kinds of odds the soldiers faced during OPERATION Overlord. Several events laid theRead MoreFeds vs Anti-Feds3174 Words   |  13 Pagesthis past week. If you’re really into American history and how the politics of the early Republic shook out, Jefferson vs. Hamilton is a great study. It’s also a little, I guess comforting, to know that as bad as we think today’s politicians are, politics was always a very dirty game. Like Bismarck said, â€Å"Laws are like sausages. Better to not see them being made.† And as Ecclesiastes says, â€Å"There’s nothing new under the sun.† 1) How did the political philosophies of these men differ? Most clear

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Research on Organizational Culture and Diversity †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Research on Organizational Culture and Diversity. Answer: Introduction: Tania Kay was the Marketing Manager of Consumer Food Products Corporation of Canada. She had held a bachelor of arts degree in Political Science before completing her MBA from one of the premiere business schools in Canada. She had one physical ailment, as she was born with a dislocated hip, due to which she had undergone surgeries thrice, when she was fourteen months old, then when she was twelve years old and again after 7 years, when she had attained the age of 19 (Angeloni, 2013). She did not limp or give any other indications of her condition, till the point she used to get very tired. The only major difficulty Tania always experienced, was with her balance. The marketing department of ConFood had gone for a team-building retreat, which involved a scavenger hunt through the woods of cottage country in Central Ontario, with tree climbing, rock climbing, canoeing and a five-kilometer hike. Tania obviously could not participate in most of the activities which were carried out, due to physical ailments (Baumgrtner et al., 2015). She did not want to disclose the physical limitations to her colleagues and so she had talked about her problems with one of the managers. Marianne Renfrew, Tanias boss was the only person to be aware of the problems which Tania had. Still, she did not talk to her regarding the problems which she had faced in the retreat as her previous experiences, along with the knowledge about the psychology of attribution which she possessed, could allow people to judge her as a person negative attitude, incompetent or someone who always complains (Burgstahler Doe, 2014). During the debriefing session, when feedback was shared b y team members for one another, Tania saw that somebody had suggested her not to be negative in her approach as the approach made everyone else feel down as well. Tania felt at a loss after the marketing teams team-building retreat. Keeping in mind the fact that Marianne Renfrew knew about Tanias condition, to some extent, anyone else in Tanias position would have communicated the situation, which she faced during the retreat and debriefing sessions, to her boss as she was the only person aware of Tanias situation (Butterworth et al., 2012). This would have helped Tania get moral support and not feel let down or alone, having got disregarded as a team member. Disability can affect any person in any point of time, so this is an issue which is not abnormal. Communicating the problems in an effective manner help solve grave situations easily (Dong et al., 2013). Marianne Renfrew could have in turn communicated the issue which Tania was facing, to all her fellow employees, which would have made Tanias colleagues behave with her in a cordial and affectionate manner (Gold et al., 2012). On the other hand, Tania also would have felt that she was an integral part of the team, despite not being able to take active part i n all the activities due to her dislocated hip. The team building retreat for the marketing team involved various kinds of activities with the teams engaging in scavenger hunt through the wilderness of the scout camp to collect different puzzle pieces. The team which could put together the puzzle pieces would win the scavenger hunt. The hunt involved a rock wall climb, five-kilometer trail hike and tree climbing. Tania, who had a dislocated hip, in the very instance thought that she would not be able to participate in the activity as she might fall down (Kaletta, Binks Robinson, 2012). She did not want to reveal the limitation which she carried and hence, she had a talk with one of the facilitators. The process used to plan, run and evaluate the team building weekend through carrying out various activities like rock climbing, tree climbing and canoeing need drastic changes for the benefit of the employees, especially for Tania, who has a disability of dislocated hip (Lindsay et al., 2012). The activities should be such, which wou ld help build the culture, personality and work ethics to ensure that an organization runs in an effective manner. The recommendations on the changes are needed, for making the process used to plan, run and evaluate the team building weekend because these changes would help in making the marketing team involve themselves better and also make Tania, who has suffering from disability to feel a part of the group. The recommendations are as follows: Before going ahead with the team building retreat, management should have made sure to let every employee know about the kind of activities set to take place during the event. As communication is key for any organization to carry out their objectives in the desired manner, so they should have made sure to understand how comfortable every employee would be in taking active part in all those activities (Mitra, 2013). This exercise would have allowed Tania to communicate her problems to the management, which could have ensured transparency and better treatment of Tania and her problems from her colleagues. The activities should have been aimed more for establishing right attitude in workplaces and bring forth necessary developments among the employees. Rock climbing, canoeing, tree climbing and a five-kilometer hike would require team effort but that would not enable any individual persons growth. Active participation from members would help in successful implementation of the activities but if persons with disabilities are not taken into consideration along with special provisions for them, then those activities would not make any use for them. In this case, Tania felt left out from the group as she had physical problems, due to which she could not take part in any of the activities. Disabled people need to get recognition. Adoption of a unique identity which is socially invisible and deciding to disclose, allows other members to understand the social label attached to the ones holding any sort of disability, which might subsequently intervene with functions of work and social aspects (Claire Beatty MacLean, 2005). Employees could be made to go through certain live situations to help them be better marketers, which would get reflected through the activities and allow them to excel in their work. This would have also allowed Tania, suffering from a dislocated hip, to take active part and gel with other colleagues in the best possible manner to get the best output, thereby make those activities a success. That would have allowed Tania to feel better and not get isolated. Research indicates that people having concealable stigmatized identities tend to go through more of negative outcomes in all three forms, psychologically, behaviorally and physically, than those with visible stigmas (Quinn Earnshaw, 2011). The activities undertaken by the management for the team-building retreat could have been based on knowing people better and consider arranging grooming sessions. This would have ensured people to get groomed and set the right tone for working effectively in the workplace (Ravalier, Dandil Limehouse, 2015). The debriefing session should be held to highlight the strong points of the employees, rather than allow employees to provide feedback for another. Every feedback for each and every employee would be different as perceptions for different individuals are different. Negative feedbacks have adverse effects on the psychology of employees and hence should be discouraged by categorically specifying the need to express their positive views on the employees. This was exactly not done in case of Tania, where a feedback from her colleague was try not to be so negative, its a real downer for everyone else. This statement had direct impact on the psychology of Tania, where she had started to feel that she was not a part of the marketing team after the team-building retreat. Open-voicing of concerns is something which employee generally tend to avoid but in this case study, Tania, who has been suffering from a dislocated hip, could not take part in any of the team building activities that were taken up during the marketing retreat. Moreover, she did not express or share her problem with anyone, fearing that she would be judged as a negative individual, incompetent or a whiner (Santuzzi et al., 2014). This made her feel miserable and also the facilitator-led debriefing sessions were so humiliating for her that she did not know what to do. She was confused whether to disclose or if she would not disclose her problems to everyone, that would mean further alienation from her teammates and repetition of similar situations (Trainor et al., 2012). Some of the things which the management could have done differently to encourage more voicing of inclusion related concerns and also develop a more inclusive culture are: The situation of employees like Tania Kay, who suffered from disability like dislocated shoulder, should be encouraged to participate and not feel left out. Words of encouragement from the managements side for all employees to voice their opinions openly, would work wonders to provide them the much needed confidence and assurance that their problems would be heard and recognized (Santuzzi et al. , 2014). Management should introduce some personality building exercises to make the employees become aware of the surroundings, so that they could develop mutual respect for one another and not treat people having some sort of disabilities, with disrespect (Vrlander, 2012). Importance of organizational culture would come into play while encouraging employees to voice their concerns related to feeling alienated from the group due to some sort of disability. Organizational Culture is a set of expectations, commonly held to understand how people behave (Martin 2002, Schein, 1985). The need to coordinate with one another for carrying out any sort of activity would come to good effect and help make employees realize the art of doing things together. The success of an organization relies on the ability of the organisation to appreciate, encourage diversity and in realizing the benefits. Organisations should assess the issues related to workplace diversity in such a manner that altogether the company can prosper and reap dividends out of it. Diversity is inclusive of race, gender, age and background. Diversity not only talks about how people perceive themselves but the manner in which they view other people. The perceptions of the employees influence to a great extent the interactions taking place within the company. Human resources professionals should deal effectively the issues related to communication and adaptability so that the company can grow in the positive direction. Successful organizations know that immediate action is needed and they are willing to utilise the resources in order to ensure that diversity is maintained in the workplace (Byrd Scott, 2014).Employer makes changes so that the employees feel more comfortabl e to work within the organization. Flexibility should be of benefit for both the parties and it helps in providing superior outcome. Formal flexibility refers to the human resource policies that have been officially approved and that entitles the supervisors with flexibility and discretion in carrying out work within the organization. Informal flexibility, on the other hand, is indicative of the unofficial policies which has not been written down but are available for employees (Barak, 2016). The approach of an organization can be either proactive or reactive in nature. The organization should act as the provider of equal opportunity for all kinds of employees. The employees in an organization come from different kinds of backgrounds and so their cultural ethos should be taken into consideration in framing the rules and policies. Employees of different state having different kind of cultural backgrounds often have to migrate to other states so that in order to get a suitable job. Dearth of jobs often compels people to move to another state. They try to assimilate themselves with the cultural milieu of the different place after moving to the different place. Often people get the opportunity to move abroad to fulfil their career goals. The company should be co-operative enough in understanding the cultural ethos of the people coming from a different place so that their sensitivity is not harmed. They should be given leave during festivals so that they can come back to their native place and enjoy themselves. Understanding the needs of the employees is important for the successful growth of an organization. The employees are provided with respect if their cultural sensitivities are understood. They suffer from inferiority complex if their personal values are taken for granted. It can prove to be a stumbling block in regard to job satisfaction and can prove to be detrimental for the growth of the organization (Kundu et al., 2017). The framework of an organization should be developed in such a manner that the needs of all kinds of employees are satisfied. This can be in relation to job-sharing, arrangements of working from home, telecommuting and flexible timings. Child care facility along with that of part-time working and maternity leave can go a long way in providing the women in the workforce with flexibility so that they can perform their maternal duties perfectly before joining office. It is often found that organizations are blatant to the needs of women and this often forces the women to leave the organization and perform their maternal duty. Consideration for the circumstances and maternal needs of women should be given top priority while framing the policy in an organization (Ali, Ng Kulik, 2014). The work schedule should be made flexible so that the women can work and also fulfil their duty towards the family. Appropriate understanding for the concerns of women can go a long way in providing flexibi lity and encouraging them to perform better in the organization. This kind of policy helps in drawing lines within the organization and helps in bringing diverse individuals together. Changing mindset is essential in bringing changes within the organization and implements drastic changes for the successful growth of the organization. Employees in the present age look for work-life balance when they work in a company. Employees who are young and have not yet married feel the need of flexible timings so that he can follow his passion. The prerogative of an individual should be given importance and considered so that the individual feels inspired to work in a company and provide greater outcome (Tran, 2017). The organization should be flexible in its policies and should have a empowering culture and at the same time should be able to keep the workforce engaged and happier. The organization can carry out an audit before designing the workplace flexibility practice. An internal survey can be carried out in order to understand the preference and value of the employees. An external survey can also be conducted in order to get idea regarding the market practice. This can help in designing a robust system that can evaluate the needs of the employees (Guillaume et al., 2017). External benchmark can be made use of in order to bring positive changes within the organization (Wheeler, 2015). Sexual orientation in the workplace is often a cause of discrimination and should be done away with completely so that the organisation can grow positively. Discrimination on the basis of sexual discrimination can adversely affect the job status and the working environment. People with different sexual orientation are often harassed and different treatment is meted out to them thus causing them to suffer from insecurity. They can be overlooked in times of promotion and they c an be wrongfully terminated. Disability is another arena on the basis of which discrimination is done in the workplace. There is a general notion that the output coming from person suffering from disability is less as compared to that of a normal person and so discrimination is often carried out against them (Rudstam et al., 2016). Monetary cost compensation should be provided and they should be measured independently with the help of an external panel in order to prevent any kind of prejudice. Awareness should be raised in the organisation so that disability is recognized as a serious issue. The regional integration organizations should come together and see to it that the organizations are not discriminating on the basis of gender. Any claims on discrimination should be addressed in the right manner in the organization. An employee is often put in a less desirable position and they are forced to take leave of absence. Proper harassment policy within the organization can help in mitigating the harassment that a rises on account of disability discrimination (Badal Harter, 2014). The organisations should frame policies that mitigate bias within the organization. It should not rely on the bias in relation to individual perception and structured interviewing that has real-scoring against that of criteria can rightfully addresses the problems arising out of workplace diversity. The organisations should work in the arena of unconscious bias and research should be used in order to assess whether the right methods are being used in terms of recruitment, selection and leadership training (Phillips et al., 2016). The strategic human resources management should highlight on the three elements-integration, alignment and consistency. The initiatives taken should not undermine or work against each other. Resisting to changes proves to be a barrier in ensuring unity within the workplace. Miscommunication should be avoided within the teams and empathy can help in dealing with discrimination in the workplace. Resistance proves to be a major reason in forcing the minorities to bear insult and it limits the vale in relation to new perspectives. Misallocation of human resources is termed as glass ceiling and it provides an invisible barrier for the employees and it prevents them from achieving the executive position. The difference between that of wage and the level of education in relation to male and female employees offers proof of the barrier that exist in the workplace. Another social behaviour that acts as a challenge relates to that of homophily. It refers to the tendency of the individuals so that tey can associate with other people (Santuzzi Waltz, 2016). This tendency is highlighted during the hiring process along with that of informal socialization pattern within an organizatio n. Managers should be proficient at handling this kind of challenge with the help of awareness along with that of clever delegation. Managers have to understand the cultural predisposition in relation to the subordinates so that they can ensure that cultural rules are not violated. References Angeloni, S. (2013). Integrated disability management: an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.Sage Open,3(4), 2158244013510303. Baumgrtner, M. K., Dwertmann, D. J., Boehm, S. A., Bruch, H. (2015). Job satisfaction of employees with disabilities: The role of perceived structural flexibility.Human Resource Management,54(2), 323-343. Burgstahler, S., Doe, T. (2014). Disability-related simulations: If, when, and how to use them in professional development.Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal,1(2). Butterworth, J., Migliore, A., Nord, D., Gelb, A. (2012). Improving the employment outcomes of job seekers with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A training and mentoring intervention for employment consultants.Journal of Rehabilitation,78(2), 20. Dong, S., Oire, S. N., MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Fabian, E. S. (2013). A comparison of perceptions of factors in the job accommodation process among employees with disabilities, employers, and service providers.Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,56(3), 182-189. Gold, P. B., Oire, S. N., Fabian, E. S., Wewiorski, N. J. (2012). Negotiating reasonable workplace accommodations: Perspectives of employers, employees with disabilities, and rehabilitation service providers.Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,37(1), 25-37. Kaletta, J. P., Binks, D. J., Robinson, R. (2012). Creating an inclusive workplace: Integrating employees with disabilities into a distribution center environment.Professional Safety,57(06), 62-71. Lindsay, S., Adams, T., McDougall, C., Sanford, R. (2012). Skill development in an employment-training program for adolescents with disabilities.Disability and rehabilitation,34(3), 228-237. Mitra, S. (2013). Data revolution for disability-inclusive development. Ravalier, J. M., Dandil, Y., Limehouse, H. (2015). Employee engagement and management standards: a concurrent evaluation.Occupational Medicine,65(6), 496-498. Santuzzi, A. M., Waltz, P. R., Finkelstein, L. M., Rupp, D. E. (2014). Invisible disabilities: Unique challenges for employees and organizations.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,7(2), 204-219. Trainor, A. A., Carter, E. W., Swedeen, B., Pickett, K. (2012). Community conversations: An approach for expanding and connecting opportunities for employment for adolescents with disabilities.Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals,35(1), 50-60. Vrlander, S. (2012). Management practice and disability: an embodied perspective.Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research,14(2), 148-164. Ali, M., Ng, Y. L., Kulik, C. T. (2014). Board age and gender diversity: A test of competing linear and curvilinear predictions.Journal of Business Ethics,125(3), 497-512. Badal, S., Harter, J. K. (2014). Gender diversity, business-unit engagement, and performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(4), 354-365. Barak, M. E. M. (2016).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Byrd, M. Y., Scott, C. L. (Eds.). (2014).Diversity in the workforce: Current issues and emerging trends. Routledge. Guillaume, Y. R., Dawson, J. F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S. A., West, M. A. (2017). Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), 276-303. Kundu, S. C., Kundu, S. C., Mor, A., Mor, A. (2017). Workforce diversity and organizational performance: a study of IT industry in India.Employee Relations,39(2), 160-183. Phillips, B. N., Deiches, J., Morrison, B., Chan, F., Bezyak, J. L. (2016). Disability Diversity Training in the Workplace: Systematic Review and Future Directions.Journal of occupational rehabilitation,26(3), 264-275. Rudstam, H., Golden, T., Bruyere, S., Van Looy, S., Gower, W. S. (2016). Beyond Handicap, Pity, and Inspiration: Disability and Diversity in Workforce Development Education and Practice. InDeveloping Workforce Diversity Programs, Curriculum, and Degrees in Higher Education(pp. 280-303). IGI Global. Santuzzi, A. M., Waltz, P. R. (2016). Disability in the workplace: A unique and variable identity.Journal of Management,42(5), 1111-1135. Tran, B. (2017). Organizational Diversity: From Workforce Diversity to Workplace.Handbook of Research on Organizational Culture and Diversity in the Modern Workforce, 100. Wheeler, D. S. (2015). A Changing Workforce for the Changing Needs of Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,16(8), 791-792.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Promotion of Seat belt Safety among Adolescents Essay Example

Promotion of Seat belt Safety among Adolescents Essay Car accidents lead to extensive physical pain and premature death the world over (CDCP, 2001). Motor vehicle accidents remain as the main cause of death for 16- to 20-year-olds, accounting for approximately 5,500 occupant fatalities annually (NHTSA, 2005a). Each year, around 450,000 teenagers are injured, and 27,000 of them require hospitalization (NHTSA, 2005b). Of those killed, approximately 63% are drivers, 37% are passengers and 66% of teenagers who die in automobile crashes are male (NHTSA, 2005a). Among 16- to 24-year olds, only 77% wear seat belts (NHTSA NCSA, 2005).One study suggests that teenagers do not wear seat belts because: it is not ‘cool’; due to peer pressure; their usage wrinkles clothes and causes discomfort; the short distance to be traveled; and, the feeling that ‘nothing will happen to me’ (Volkswagen of America, n.d.).   Boyle et al. (2004) found that almost half of teenagers (47%) say that seat belts are ‘as likely to cause h arm as to help,’ while others report that wearing a seat belt makes them ‘worry more about being in an accident’ (27%), and that they would feel ‘self-conscious if they were going against the group norm in wearing safety belts’ (30%).Laws on seat belt use is present in most developed world—with the U.S. seeking to increase seat belt use to 92% (US DoH, 2000), which is similar to how other countries prioritize its use (UK DoH, 1999). Aside from legal mechanisms, driver’s education plays a great part in disseminating the value of seat belts among teenage drivers. The Graduated Driver Licensing system has imposed adolescents some restrictions in driving. School-based and media promotions reached every individual driving adolescent in the awareness of car accidents related to non-use of seat belts (Grossman Garcia, 1999).Estimated to save 9,500 lives yearly, seat belts have proven to be the most effective safety devices in vehicles at pres ent (NHTSA, 2000). However, only 68% of motor vehicle occupants use seat belts. If 90% of Americans buckle-up, more than 5,500 deaths and 132,000 injuries can be prevented per year. On the average, inpatient hospital care costs for non-seat belted vehicular victim are 50% more compared to seat belted victims. The victims do not pay for these costs; society does, assuming 85% of the costs (Dinh-Zarr et al., 2001).An annual savings of $8.8 billion will be made if the 90% seat belt usage will be reached (NHSTA, 2005a). The medical costs, lost future work and reduced quality of life are not enough exchange for not wearing seat belts. The cost of lost lives from the recklessness behavior of non-use of seat belt is too much to call for imposing health promotion on belt safety (NHTSA, 2000).This paper seeks to utilize the promotion approach to achieve higher compliance of seat belt use among adolescents. Indubitably, the seat belt problem raises important questions about the extent to whic h people will act voluntarily to reduce their risks. Existing levels of seat belt use suggest that the motivation to protect ones self against certain hazards is very weak, even for risks that are very real (Williams ; Shabanova, 2002). This paper argues that the promotion of seat belt safety in adolescents, if done effectively and efficiently with strict compliance, can prove to be pivotal in helping reduce risks to fatal and not fatal injuries from vehicular accidents.Role of the NursePreventive Approach. The nurse as the educator plays a vital role in educating adolescents on the value of seat belt safety. This provides a solid foundation for the teens’ driving throughout their lives, preparing them to become safe and responsible drivers. Driver’s education about seat belt safety can be disseminated through community health program, driver licensing procedures and school-based curriculum on health and safety. The nurse as an adviser attends to the anticipatory guide lines for driving teenagers which can be initiated through driver’s screening and education.Promotion Approach. The nurse as the endorser, role model and manager on promotion and public awareness can be done by means of media and advertising such as through radio, television, cellular phones, billboards, newspapers, books, stickers and pamphlets.Curative Approach. The nurse as a health care provider to victims of car accidents due to non-use of seat belts. Promotion on Seat belt Safety can be included as part of the nurse’s health teachings and discharge teaching instructions.Rehabilitative Approach. The nurse as the counselor can promote seat belt safety through counseling with behavior modification among delinquent teenage drivers. The nurse as a researcher can take a vital part in the search to unravel the solutions on seat belt safety programs and effective strategies to increase seat belt use.Care Management ProcessNursing AssessmentAdolescence seat belt complianc e problems are purely associated with the teenager’s health behaviors and attitudes. A strong need for peer approval, coupled with the myths of adolescence, may entice a young person to attempt hazardous feats, or participate in a variety of risk-taking behaviors like the non-use of seat belt when driving; neither injury nor death is strong enough to motivate this hard-to-reach group. They love to play with fire—excitement and experience are the chicken soups for the teenage soul.Nursing GoalsShort term goal: To construct an effective and efficient promotion of seat belt safety among adolescents. Long term goal: To promote compliance and habitual use of seat belt for safety purposes, thus eliminating car accidents related to non-wearing of seat belt.Nursing PlanTo construct a promotion mechanism on seat belt safety among adolescents by utilizing the nursing processes of family health nursing, community health nursing, and health education. In the field of media and adv ertising, to create a talk-of-the-town trend and fashion statement in promoting seat belt use.Nursing Strategy and ImplementationsPreventive Approach. Formulate an effective health education for driver licensing procedure. Health education will focus on the physiologic importance of seat belts (how does seat belt protect us during the crash), demonstrate the proper ways of using the seat belt, the function of the seat belt (what will happen to our body during crashes without the seat belt) and the possible injuries that can be sustained during the accident without wearing seat belt. In school-based curriculum, safety driving can be integrated as part of Health and safety subject by simply teaching the proper use of seat belt and the importance of it. It is better to start teaching safety driving to grade school students—the younger the child, the easier to inculcate a habit. Generate a seat belt campaign, seat belt rally or a vigil headed by the community health program as pa rt of the government’s health and safety program. For example, declaring January as the Seat belt Month or scheduling a Seat belt Consciousness Week. Distribution of educational health materials about seat belt safety or home visits by designated health care personnel as part of the community health program. Incentives programs with rewards and prizes for strict compliance of teenage drivers. Formulate a driver’s screening program focused on the psychological readiness of the applicant for safe driving among adolescents. Counseling on anticipatory guidelines together with the parents of teenage applicants. Support groups for the victims of accidents related to non-use of seat belt will help the counseling to be more effective.Promotion Approach: A trendy seat belt advertisement featuring popular teenage role models (such as teen or sports celebrities) who will advocate the use of seat belts—a young icon who will be the ‘ambassador of seat belt safetyâ€⠄¢. Launch a fashionable and trend-setting seat belt brand with varieties of designs and colors that address the taste and style of teenagers with both male and female motifs (in collaboration with local seat belt manufacturers). Remember that adolescence is the time of expression, imitations, idolizing celebrities, peer trends and fashion and creativity. Improve the seat belt designs to reduce discomforts.Curative Approach. Formulate a comprehensive health education in patient teaching program and discharge instructions for the injured adolescent confined in a hospital focused on safety driving and seat belt use.Rehabilitative Approach. Counseling and behavior modification for the victims of accidents related to non-use of seat belt and delinquent teenage drivers. A support group for the victims of accidents due to non-use of seat belt will also help (akin to Alcoholics Anonymous).Expected OutcomesEvaluation Techniques. Survey, road traffic and safety compliance reports, observatio ns, interviews, focus group discussions, community diagnosis, document analysis and statistical analysis regarding seat belt use and accidents related to the non-use of seat belts.Short term Outcomes. Strict screening for adolescents driver licensing program focused on psychological readiness will be followed; positive feedbacks on driver education about seat belt safety from adolescents; large number of adolescents groups joining the seat belt campaign; home visits reported large number of awardees for seat belt compliance; formation of advocacy groups for seat belt use; reading health/safety materials are provided for every adolescents; a movie or sports celebrity becoming more popular for his/her seat belt advocacy; a popularized jingle about seat belt; wide-use of fashionable seat belts; in a hospital or rehabilitation set up, there will be a decrease number of participants due to the decrease in accidents related to seat belt and decrease seat belt use violators.Long term. Incu lcating a habit-forming behavior of wearing seat belt among adolescents results in the decrease in the number of seat belts usage violators and decrease in the number of car accidents related to seat belts non-use.SummaryAdolescence is the time when the brain creates the â€Å"wiring† for perspectives and judgments. Thus, opportunities for promoting seat belt safety education present themselves in every aspect of an adolescent’s life: in the home, school, community and workplace. Teachable moments exist every time an adolescent learns a new skill, such as when behind the steering wheel—habitually buckling-up before or immediately after inserting the key to start the engine. Seat belt safety promotion strategies can be embedded in a myriad of avenues, such as in education, law enforcement, parental modelling and the media. Health and protection promotion behaviors are multidimensional and need to be considered separately.Parents have a key role in seat belt promo tion. They provide the transportation, financial and emotional support, and are in control of the car keys and insurance. They provide role modelling with their own behavior and set boundaries with appropriate consequences. Privileges associated with driving cars should depend upon the adolescents ability to demonstrate an adequate knowledge base on the safe use of such machines.Schools have the responsibility to disseminate information and proper education regarding seat belt safety, and rests primarily on the school nurse.Community health nursing can integrate and tailor strategies to meet the youth’s unique needs and opportunities for seat belt use. It is important to involve relevant stakeholders in planning and implementation of safety plans to increase commitment and involvement in carrying out solutions.Finally, it is recommended that further studies must be made on the following: on the efficacies of the various methods used to promote regular seat belt use; on the us age of seat belts among pregnant adolescents; on the extent of involvement of parents in adolescents’ licensing procedure; and regarding the expanded role of the nurse in seat belt promotion from school, community, organization, among others.